Half-quantum vortices and walls bounded by strings in the polar-distorted phases of topological superfluid 3He.,Nature Communications

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Half-quantum vortices and walls bounded by strings in the polar-distorted phases of topological superfluid 3He.
Nature Communications ( IF 14.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-16 , DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08204-8
J T Mäkinen ₁ , V V Dmitriev ₂ , J Nissinen ₁ , J Rysti ₁ , G E Volovik _{1,

3} , A N Yudin ₂ , K Zhang _{1,

4} , V B Eltsov ₁

Affiliation

Symmetries of the physical world have guided formulation of fundamental laws, including relativistic quantum field theory and understanding of possible states of matter. Topological defects (TDs) often control the universal behavior of macroscopic quantum systems, while topology and broken symmetries determine allowed TDs. Taking advantage of the symmetry-breaking patterns in the phase diagram of nanoconfined superfluid 3He, we show that half-quantum vortices (HQVs)-linear topological defects carrying half quantum of circulation-survive transitions from the polar phase to other superfluid phases with polar distortion. In the polar-distorted A phase, HQV cores in 2D systems should harbor non-Abelian Majorana modes. In the polar-distorted B phase, HQVs form composite defects-walls bounded by strings hypothesized decades ago in cosmology. Our experiments establish the superfluid phases of 3He in nanostructured confinement as a promising topological media for further investigations ranging from topological quantum computing to cosmology and grand unification scenarios.

中文翻译：

拓扑超流体 3He 极性扭曲相中的半量子涡旋和壁被弦限制。

物理世界的对称性指导了基本定律的制定，包括相对论量子场论和对物质可能状态的理解。拓扑缺陷 (TD) 通常控制宏观量子系统的普遍行为，而拓扑和对称性破缺决定允许的 TD。利用纳米约束超流体3He相图中的对称破缺模式，我们证明了半量子涡旋（HQV）-携带半量子循环的线性拓扑缺陷-从极性相到具有极性畸变的其他超流体相的转变仍然存在。在极性扭曲的 A 相中，2D 系统中的 HQV 核心应包含非阿贝尔马约拉纳模式。在极性扭曲的 B 相中，HQV 形成复合缺陷墙，其边界是几十年前宇宙学中假设的弦。我们的实验将纳米结构约束中的 3He 超流相确立为一种有前途的拓扑介质，可用于从拓扑量子计算到宇宙学和大统一场景的进一步研究。

更新日期：2019-01-16

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