Variation in microbial species diversity has typically been explained as the outcome of local ecological factors driving species coexistence, overlooking the roles of evolutionary constraints. Here, we argue that macro-evolutionary niche conservatism and unequal diversification rates among phylum-level lineages are strong determinants of diversity-environment relationships in bacterial systems. That is, apart from stochasticity, environmental effects operate most strongly on phylum composition, which in turn dictates the species diversity of bacterial communities. This concept is demonstrated using bacterioplankton in the surface seawaters of the East China Sea. Furthermore, we show that the species richness of a local bacterioplankton community can generally be estimated based on the relative abundances of phyla and their contributions of species numbers in the global seawater pool-highlighting the important influence of evolutionary constraints on local community diversity.

中文翻译：

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海洋浮游细菌群落物种多样性的进化限制。

微生物物种多样性的变化通常被解释为当地生态因素驱动物种共存的结果，而忽略了进化约束的作用。在这里，我们认为宏观进化生态位保守主义和门级谱系之间的不平等多样化率是细菌系统中多样性 - 环境关系的重要决定因素。也就是说，除了随机性之外，环境影响对门组成的影响最大，这反过来又决定了细菌群落的物种多样性。东海表层海水中的浮游细菌证明了这一概念。此外，