Sea spray is the largest aerosol source on Earth. Bubble bursting mechanisms at the ocean surface create smaller film burst and larger jet drop particles. This study quantified the effects of particle chemistry on the depositional ice nucleation efficiency of laboratory-generated sea spray aerosols under the cirrus-relevant conditions. Cultures of Prochlorococcus, the most abundant phytoplankton species in the global ocean, were used as a model source of organic sea spray aerosols. We showed that smaller particles generated from lysed Prochlorococcus cultures are organically enriched and nucleate more effectively than larger particles generated from the same cultures. We then quantified the ice nucleation efficiency of single component organic molecules that mimic Prochlorococcus proteins, lipids, and saccharides. Amylopectin, agarose, and aspartic acid exhibited similar critical ice saturations, fractional activations, and ice nucleation active site number densities to particles generated from Prochlorococcus cultures. These findings indicate that saccharides and proteins with numerous and well-ordered hydrophilic functional groups may determine the ice nucleation abilities of organic sea spray aerosols.

中文翻译：

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调查使用Prochlorococcus作为海洋有机物的模型来源的海喷雾气溶胶的异质冰成核

浪花是地球上最大的气溶胶来源。海洋表面的气泡破裂机制产生较小的薄膜破裂和较大的喷射液滴颗粒。这项研究量化了在与卷云有关的条件下，粒子化学对实验室产生的海浪气溶胶沉积冰成核效率的影响。的文化原绿球藻，在全球海洋中最丰富的浮游植物，被用作有机浪花气溶胶的模型来源。我们表明，与原培养物产生的较大颗粒相比，裂解的原球菌培养物产生的较小颗粒具有更丰富的有机富集和成核作用。然后，我们量化了模拟单组分有机分子的冰成核效率原球菌蛋白质，脂质和糖类。支链淀粉，琼脂糖和天冬氨酸对于由原球菌培养物产生的颗粒表现出相似的临界冰饱和度，部分活化和冰核活性位点密度。这些发现表明具有大量且有序的亲水性官能团的糖类和蛋白质可能决定了有机海浪气溶胶的冰核能力。