Anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d′e′f′]diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetraone, namely, perylene bisimides (PBIs), belong to n-type organic semiconductors and possess potential applications in optoelectronic devices. The properties/performance of fabricated nanostructures/devices could be greatly influenced by both molecular structures of PBI building blocks and corresponding arrangement in assembled nanostructures. Many efforts have been made to modify the PBI core and then investigate the nanostructures and properties. However, it is still a great challenge to comprehensively understand the influence of molecular structures on the intermolecular interactions, the self-assembled structures, and the resulting performance. In the present contribution, we mainly summarize recent research aspects on supramolecular assembly behaviors of PBI derivatives assisted by various functional groups. First, a short introduction is given about basic molecular structure, properties, and self-assembly of PBI derivatives. Then, we mainly discuss the modulation of self-assembly of PBIs via introducing various functional groups (flexible or nonflexible chains, and biomolecules especially amino-acid-based groups). After that, the assembly of PBI derivatives from out-of-equilibrium states is described. Finally, a perspective is provided on the design of novel PBI derivatives and the fabrication of unique nanostructures with superior properties.

中文翻译：

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各种基团辅助的Bi双酰亚胺衍生物的超分子自组装

蒽[2,1,9-def：6,5,10-d'e'f']二异喹啉-1,3,8,10（2H，9H）-四酮，即per双酰亚胺（PBI）属于n型有机半导体在光电器件中具有潜在的应用。制成的纳米结构/器件的性能/性能可能会受到PBI构件的分子结构以及组装后的纳米结构中相应排列的影响。已经进行了许多努力来修饰PBI核心，然后研究纳米结构和性质。然而，全面理解分子结构对分子间相互作用，自组装结构及其产生的性能的影响仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在本文稿中，我们主要总结了有关由各种官能团辅助的PBI衍生物的超分子组装行为的最新研究方面。首先，简要介绍了PBI衍生物的基本分子结构，性质和自组装。然后，我们主要讨论通过引入各种官能团（柔性或非柔性链，以及生物分子，尤其是基于氨基酸的基团）来调节PBI的自组装。此后，描述了从不平衡状态组装PBI衍生物。最后，提供了有关新型PBI衍生物的设计和具有优异性能的独特纳米结构的制备的观点。我们主要讨论通过引入各种官能团（柔性或非柔性链，以及生物分子，尤其是基于氨基酸的基团）来调节PBI的自组装。此后，描述了从不平衡状态组装PBI衍生物。最后，提供了有关新型PBI衍生物的设计和具有优异性能的独特纳米结构的制备的观点。我们主要讨论通过引入各种官能团（柔性或非柔性链，以及生物分子，尤其是基于氨基酸的基团）来调节PBI的自组装。此后，描述了从不平衡状态组装PBI衍生物。最后，提供了有关新型PBI衍生物的设计和具有优异性能的独特纳米结构的制备的观点。