Thirty years ago, one of the first types of CD4⁺ T regulatory cells was discovered and named T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells. Tr1 cells represent a distinct population of T cells, which are induced in the periphery upon antigen exposure under tolerogenic conditions. They produce the immunosuppressive cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), do not constitutively express FOXP3, and suppress the function of effector immune cells. In this review, the key studies leading to the identification and biological characterization of Tr1 cells are recapitulated. The fundamental role of Tr1 cells in regulating immune responses to pathogenic and non-pathogenic antigens, as well as their use as cell therapeutics, is summarized.

三十年前，发现了第一类CD4 ⁺ T调节细胞，并将其命名为T调节类型1（Tr1）细胞。Tr1细胞代表独特的T细胞种群，在致耐受性条件下抗原暴露于外周时会诱导T1细胞。它们产生免疫抑制性细胞因子白介素10（IL-10）和转化生长因子β（TGF-β），不组成型表达FOXP3，并抑制效应免疫细胞的功能。在这篇综述中，归纳了导致Tr1细胞鉴定和生物学表征的关键研究。总结了Tr1细胞在调节对病原性和非病原性抗原的免疫应答中的基本作用，以及它们作为细胞治疗剂的用途。