森林土壤有机碳稳定性：树种特性和性状的独特影响,Global Change Biology

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森林土壤有机碳稳定性：树种特性和性状的独特影响
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-30 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14548
Gerrit Angst ₁ , Kevin E Mueller _{2,

3} , David M Eissenstat _{3,

4} , Susan Trumbore _{5,

6} , Katherine H Freeman ₇ , Sarah E Hobbie ₈ , Jon Chorover ₉ , Jacek Oleksyn _{10,

11} , Peter B Reich _{10,

12} , Carsten W Mueller ₁₃

Affiliation

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology & SoWa Research Infrastructure, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Biogeochemical Processes, Jena, Germany.
Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland.
Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
Chair of Soil Science, Technical University Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.

大气中不断上升的 CO ₂浓度增加了人们对森林生态系统和土壤充当碳 (C) 汇的潜力的兴趣。虽然土壤有机碳含量通常随树种特性而变化，但对于树种是否以及如何影响稳定性知之甚少土壤中的 C。我们使用 40 年历史的普通花园实验，对 11 种温带树种进行了重复试验，研究了矿质土壤中土壤有机质 (SOM) 稳定性与 17 种生态因子（包括树木组织化学、土壤有机质输入量和它们的周转率、微生物群落描述符和土壤理化特性）。我们测量了五个 SOM 稳定性指数，包括异养呼吸、聚合吸留颗粒有机物 (POM) 和矿物相关 SOM 中的 C，以及体积 SOM δ ¹⁵ N 和 ∆ ¹⁴C. SOM 的稳定性在树种之间有很大差异，这种变异性与土壤中有机碳的含量无关。因此，当将森林土壤视为碳汇时，除了其大小外，还必须考虑碳库的稳定性。此外，我们的结果表明，树种通过其组织（尤其是根）的组成来调节土壤碳稳定性。SOM 的稳定性似乎更高（如更高的 δ ^15所示）N 和减少的呼吸作用）在氮浓度较高和根中酸不溶性化合物含量较低的物种之下，而 SOM 稳定性似乎较低（如较高的呼吸作用和聚集体吸留 POM 中 C 的较低比例所示）在较高的物种之下组织钙含量。然而，与矿物相关的 SOM 和大块土壤中的 C 比例 ∆ ¹⁴ C 对树种特征的依赖可以忽略不计，这可能反映了一些 SOM 库对生态因素的年代际尺度变化不敏感。因此，旨在增加土壤碳库的策略可能会关注颗粒碳库，这些碳库更容易被操纵并且对气候变化最敏感。

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Soil organic carbon stability in forests: Distinct effects of tree species identity and traits

Rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations have increased interest in the potential for forest ecosystems and soils to act as carbon (C) sinks. While soil organic C contents often vary with tree species identity, little is known about if, and how, tree species influence the stability of C in soil. Using a 40 year old common garden experiment with replicated plots of eleven temperate tree species, we investigated relationships between soil organic matter (SOM) stability in mineral soils and 17 ecological factors (including tree tissue chemistry, magnitude of organic matter inputs to the soil and their turnover, microbial community descriptors, and soil physicochemical properties). We measured five SOM stability indices, including heterotrophic respiration, C in aggregate occluded particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral associated SOM, and bulk SOM δ¹⁵N and ∆¹⁴C. The stability of SOM varied substantially among tree species, and this variability was independent of the amount of organic C in soils. Thus, when considering forest soils as C sinks, the stability of C stocks must be considered in addition to their size. Further, our results suggest tree species regulate soil C stability via the composition of their tissues, especially roots. Stability of SOM appeared to be greater (as indicated by higher δ¹⁵N and reduced respiration) beneath species with higher concentrations of nitrogen and lower amounts of acid insoluble compounds in their roots, while SOM stability appeared to be lower (as indicated by higher respiration and lower proportions of C in aggregate occluded POM) beneath species with higher tissue calcium contents. The proportion of C in mineral associated SOM and bulk soil ∆¹⁴C, though, were negligibly dependent on tree species traits, likely reflecting an insensitivity of some SOM pools to decadal scale shifts in ecological factors. Strategies aiming to increase soil C stocks may thus focus on particulate C pools, which can more easily be manipulated and are most sensitive to climate change.

更新日期：2019-01-30

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