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High-Performance Antimony–Bismuth–Tin Positive Electrode for Liquid Metal Battery
Chemistry of Materials ( IF 7.2 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-26 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01869
Wang Zhao 1 , Ping Li 1 , Zhiwei Liu 1 , Donglin He 1 , Kun Han 1 , Hailei Zhao 2, 3 , Xuanhui Qu 1
Affiliation  

The liquid metal battery (LMB) is an attractive chemistry for grid-scale energy-storage applications. The full-liquid feature significantly reduces the interface resistance between electrode and electrolyte, endowing LMB with attractive kinetics and transport properties. Achieving a high energy density still remains a big challenge. Herein, we report a low-melting-point antimony–bismuth-tin positive electrode for LMB with high energy density and excellent rate performance for the first time. The electromotive force of Li||Sb–Bi–Sn system is determined by Li||Sb and Li||Bi chemistries. The Sn component plays a bifunctional role in the chemistry, decreasing the melting point of Sb–Bi–Sn alloy and providing rapid lithium diffusion paths for the electrode reaction. The ternary feature of the positive electrode ensures a low Sn concentration for the eutectic requirement of the positive electrode working at moderate temperature (500 °C). The stepwise reaction characteristics of Sb and Bi provides a dynamic microstructure change of intermediate compounds during the charge/discharge process, allowing the electrolyte to penetrate and make contact with the positive electrode to enable a fast electrode reaction. A synergetic combination of these advantages enables the reported Sb–Bi–Sn electrode to demonstrate a high energy density of about 260 Wh kg–1 and excellent rate capability with almost no capacity degradation at different current densities from 200 to 1200 mA cm–2. All these excellent properties demonstrate that the Sb–Bi–Sn alloy is an ideal positive electrode of LMB for large-scale applications.

中文翻译:

液态金属电池用高性能锑铋锡正电极

液态金属电池(LMB)是用于网格规模储能应用的一种有吸引力的化学物质。全液体功能显着降低了电极与电解质之间的界面电阻,使LMB具有诱人的动力学和传输性能。实现高能量密度仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在此,我们首次报道了用于LMB的低熔点锑铋锡正极,具有高能量密度和出色的倍率性能。Li || Sb-Bi-Sn系统的电动势由Li || Sb和Li || Bi化学性质确定。锡成分在化学过程中起着双功能的作用,降低了Sb-Bi-Sn合金的熔点,并为电极反应提供了快速的锂扩散路径。正极的三元特征可确保在中等温度(500°C)下工作的正极的低共熔含量,从而具有低的Sn浓度。Sb和Bi的逐步反应特性可在充电/放电过程中动态改变中间化合物的微观结构,使电解质能够渗透并与正极接触,从而实现快速的电极反应。这些优点的协同结合使报道的Sb-Bi-Sn电极具有约260 Wh kg的高能量密度 使电解质渗透并与正极接触,从而实现快速的电极反应。这些优点的协同组合使报道的Sb-Bi-Sn电极表现出约260 Wh kg的高能量密度 使电解质渗透并与正极接触,从而实现快速的电极反应。这些优点的协同组合使报道的Sb-Bi-Sn电极表现出约260 Wh kg的高能量密度–1和出色的倍率能力,在200至1200 mA cm –2的不同电流密度下几乎没有容量下降。所有这些优异的性能表明,Sb-Bi-Sn合金是用于大规模应用的LMB的理想正极。
更新日期:2018-11-26
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