Sulfolobus islandicus is a model microorganism in the TACK superphylum of the Archaea, a key lineage in the evolutionary history of cells. Here we report a genome-wide identification of the repertoire of genes essential to S. islandicus growth in culture. We confirm previous targeted gene knockouts, uncover the non-essentiality of functions assumed to be essential to the Sulfolobus cell, including the proteinaceous S-layer, and highlight essential genes whose functions are yet to be determined. Phyletic distributions illustrate the potential transitions that may have occurred during the evolution of this archaeal microorganism, and highlight sets of genes that may have been associated with each transition. We use this comparative context as a lens to focus future research on archaea-specific uncharacterized essential genes that may provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of cells.

中文翻译：

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缝隙模型Sulfolobus islandicus的基本基因组。

Sulfolobus islandicus是古细菌TACK超级菌种中的模型微生物，这是细胞进化史上的关键谱系。在这里，我们报告了全基因组范围内的鉴定，该序列对于培养中的岛状沙门氏菌生长必不可少的基因。我们证实了以前的靶向基因敲除，发现了对于Sulfolobus细胞至关重要的功能（包括蛋白质S层）的非必要性，并突出了其功能尚待确定的必需基因。系统分布说明了这种古细菌的进化过程中可能发生的潜在转变，并突出显示了可能与每个转变相关的基因集。