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Distinct descending motor cortex pathways and their roles in movement
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-31 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0642-9
Michael N Economo 1 , Sarada Viswanathan 1 , Bosiljka Tasic 2 , Erhan Bas 1 , Johan Winnubst 1 , Vilas Menon 1 , Lucas T Graybuck 2 , Thuc Nghi Nguyen 2 , Kimberly A Smith 2 , Zizhen Yao 2 , Lihua Wang 1 , Charles R Gerfen 3 , Jayaram Chandrashekar 1 , Hongkui Zeng 2 , Loren L Looger 1 , Karel Svoboda 1
Affiliation  

Activity in the motor cortex predicts movements, seconds before they are initiated. This preparatory activity has been observed across cortical layers, including in descending pyramidal tract neurons in layer 5. A key question is how preparatory activity is maintained without causing movement, and is ultimately converted to a motor command to trigger appropriate movements. Here, using single-cell transcriptional profiling and axonal reconstructions, we identify two types of pyramidal tract neuron. Both types project to several targets in the basal ganglia and brainstem. One type projects to thalamic regions that connect back to motor cortex; populations of these neurons produced early preparatory activity that persisted until the movement was initiated. The second type projects to motor centres in the medulla and mainly produced late preparatory activity and motor commands. These results indicate that two types of motor cortex output neurons have specialized roles in motor control.Transcriptional profiling and axonal reconstructions identify two types of pyramidal tract neuron in the motor cortex: one type projects to thalamic regions and produces early and persistent preparatory activity, and the other type projects to motor centres in the medulla and produces motor commands.

中文翻译:

不同的下行运动皮层通路及其在运动中的作用

运动皮层中的活动会在运动开始前几秒预测运动。这种准备活动已在皮质层中观察到,包括在第 5 层的下行锥体束神经元中。一个关键问题是如何在不引起运动的情况下维持准备活动,并最终转化为运动命令以触发适当的运动。在这里,使用单细胞转录分析和轴突重建,我们确定了两种类型的锥体束神经元。这两种类型都投射到基底神经节和脑干中的几个目标。一种类型投射到连接回运动皮层的丘脑区域;这些神经元的群体产生了早期的准备活动,这种活动一直持续到运动开始。第二种投射到延髓的运动中枢,主要产生后期准备活动和运动指令。这些结果表明两种运动皮层输出神经元在运动控制中具有特殊作用。转录分析和轴突重建确定了运动皮层中的两种锥体束神经元:一种投射到丘脑区域并产生早期和持续的准备活动,以及另一种类型投射到髓质中的运动中心并产生运动命令。
更新日期:2018-10-31
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