Knee replacement surgery is one of the most commonly done and cost-effective musculoskeletal surgical procedures. The numbers of cases done continue to grow worldwide, with substantial variation in utilisation rates across regions and countries. The main indication for surgery remains painful knee osteoarthritis with reduced function and quality of life. The threshold for intervention is not well defined, and is influenced by many factors including patient and surgeon preference. Most patients have a very good clinical outcome after knee replacement, but multiple studies have reported that 20% or more of patients do not. So despite excellent long-term survivorship, more work is required to enhance this procedure and development is rightly focused on increasing the proportion of patients who have successful pain relief after surgery. Changing implant design has historically been a target for improving outcome, but there is greater recognition that improvements can be achieved by better implantation methods, avoiding complications, and improving perioperative care for patients, such as enhanced recovery programmes. New technologies are likely to advance future knee replacement care further, but their introduction must be regulated and monitored with greater rigour to ensure patient safety.

中文翻译：

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膝关节置换。

膝关节置换手术是最常用且最具成本效益的肌肉骨骼手术方法之一。在世界范围内，处理的案件数量继续增长，各地区和国家的使用率差异很大。手术的主要指征仍然是疼痛的膝骨关节炎，其功能和生活质量下降。干预的阈值定义不明确，并且受许多因素的影响，包括患者和外科医生的偏爱。大多数患者在膝关节置换术后具有非常好的临床效果，但是多项研究报告说，有20％或更多的患者没有。因此，尽管长期的生存期很长，但仍需要做更多的工作来增强这一程序，并且开发正确地集中在增加手术后成功缓解疼痛的患者的比例上。改变植入物设计历来是提高治疗效果的目标，但人们越来越认识到，可以通过更好的植入方法，避免并发症并改善患者的围手术期护理（例如提高恢复程序）来实现改善。新技术可能会进一步推动未来的膝关节置换护理，但必须严格控制和监控新技术的引入，以确保患者安全。