华北平原氮肥最佳施用量超过最佳氮氧化物排放量时，氮氧化物排放量呈指数增长,Environmental Science & Technology

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华北平原氮肥最佳施用量超过最佳氮氧化物排放量时，氮氧化物排放量呈指数增长
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-26 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03931
Xiaotong Song ₁ , Min Liu _{1,

2} , Xiaotang Ju ₁ , Bing Gao ₃ , Fang Su ₁ , Xinping Chen _{1,

4} , Robert M Rees ₅

Affiliation

IPCC在库存报告中假设氮（N）的施用量与一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）排放之间存在线性关系，但是，越来越多的研究表明在特定的土壤气候条件下存在非线性关系。在华北平原，一个全球性的N ₂ O排放热点，覆盖了像德国一样大的土地，目前尚不清楚N率与N ₂ O排放之间的相关性。因此，我们通过进行五个N速率的田间试验，以及在不同气候年中对N ₂ O排放量进行高频测量，专门研究了N ₂ O对N的响应。我们的结果表明累积和产量定标的N ₂作为N个应用是在玉米最佳速率（上面提出O排放都成倍增加玉蜀黍L.）。在小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）中，由于极端降雪的影响，N ₂ O排放相应增加，2012-2013年的响应幅度明显大于2013-2014年。现有的N ₂ O对N速率响应的经验模型（包括IPCC方法）即使在高N速率下也高估了华北平原N ₂ O的排放量。因此，我们的研究为肥料施用量和气候条件对N ₂ O排放的影响提供了一种新颖而有力的分析。

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Nitrous Oxide Emissions Increase Exponentially When Optimum Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates Are Exceeded in the North China Plain

The IPCC assume a linear relationship between nitrogen (N) application rate and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in inventory reporting, however, a growing number of studies show a nonlinear relationship under specific soil-climatic conditions. In the North China plain, a global hotspot of N₂O emissions, covering a land as large as Germany, the correlation between N rate and N₂O emissions remains unclear. We have therefore specifically investigated the N₂O response to N applications by conducting field experiments with five N rates, and high-frequency measurements of N₂O emissions across contrasting climatic years. Our results showed that cumulative and yield-scaled N₂O emissions both increased exponentially as N applications were raised above the optimum rate in maize (Zea mays L.). In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) there was a corresponding quadratic increase in N₂O emissions with the magnitude of the response in 2012–2013 distinctly larger than that in 2013–2014 owing to the effects of extreme snowfall. Existing empirical models (including the IPCC approach) of the N₂O response to N rate have overestimated N₂O emissions in the North China plain, even at high N rates. Our study therefore provides a new and robust analysis of the effects of fertilizer rate and climatic conditions on N₂O emissions.

更新日期：2018-10-26

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