Recently, redox oxidation technology based on peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation by heterogeneous catalyst has shown promising potential for environmental decontamination. The heterogeneous catalysts employed for PDS activation can be classified as metal- and carbon-based catalysts. Currently, the sustainability of metal-based catalysts as PDS activator is contentious due to metal leaching during application. Various strategies have been employed to address this issue, namely (1) optimizing the reaction conditions, (2) designing supported metal-based catalysts, and (3) developing metal-free (carbon) catalysts. This article reviews recent advancement in the development of metal- and carbon-based catalysts for PDS activation and provides critical discussion on the strategies to improve the robustness of these catalysts. Finally, potential future directions of the heterogeneous catalyst/PDS system are proposed to further improve the understanding and sustainability of the system. These include (1) developing Fe⁰/PDS system operated under sequencing batch reactor mode, (2) establishing the relationship between type of pollutant and reusability of catalyst, (3) correlating the relationship between redox-active functional groups and mechanism of reaction, (4) integrating the heterogeneous catalyst/PDS system with other processes, and (5) application of the system with real industrial and secondary effluents at pilot scale level.

近来，基于通过异质催化剂活化的过氧二硫酸盐（PDS）的氧化还原氧化技术已显示出有希望的环境净化潜力。用于PDS活化的非均相催化剂可分类为金属和碳基催化剂。当前，由于金属在应用过程中的浸出，作为PDS活化剂的金属基催化剂的可持续性存在争议。已经采用多种策略来解决该问题，即（1）优化反应条件，（2）设计负载型金属基催化剂，和（3）开发无金属（碳）催化剂。本文回顾了用于PDS活化的金属和碳基催化剂开发的最新进展，并就提高这些催化剂的耐用性的策略提供了重要的讨论。最后，提出了非均相催化剂/ PDS系统的潜在未来方向，以进一步提高对该系统的理解和可持续性。其中包括（1）形成铁⁰ / PDS系统在顺序分批反应器模式下运行，（2）建立污染物类型与催化剂可重用性之间的关系，（3）关联氧化还原活性官能团与反应机理之间的关系，（4）整合非均相催化剂/ PDS系统以及其他流程，以及（5）该系统在中试规模的实际工业废水和二次废水中的应用。