Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is the most attractive technology for energy storage systems in today’s market. However, further improvements and optimizations are still required to solve challenges such as energy density, cycle life, and safety. Addressing these challenges in LIBs requires a fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanisms in various physical/chemical processes during LIB operation. Advanced in situ/operando synchrotron-based X-ray characterization techniques are powerful tools for providing valuable information about the complicated reaction mechanisms in LIBs. In this review, several state-of-the-art in situ/operando synchrotron-based X-ray techniques and their combination with other characterization tools for battery research are introduced. Various in situ cell configurations and practical operating tips for cell design and experimental set-ups are also discussed.

锂离子电池（LIB）技术是当今市场上储能系统最吸引人的技术。但是，仍需要进一步的改进和优化来解决诸如能量密度，循环寿命和安全性等挑战。解决LIB中的这些挑战需要对LIB操作期间各种物理/化学过程中的反应机理有基本的了解。先进的基于原位/操作数同步加速器的X射线表征技术是用于提供有关LIB中复杂反应机制的有价值信息的强大工具。在这篇综述中，介绍了几种最先进的基于原位/操作数同步加速器的X射线技术，以及它们与其他用于电池研究的表征工具的结合。