Inspired by biological ion channels, scientists have fabricated various artificial nanosystems. However, nanofluidic diode systems with replaceable functional groups are rarely reported. In this work, we demonstrated a universal tunable nanofluidic diode based on a conical polyimide nanochannel. Using host–guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin and azobenzene, bidirectional nanofluidic diodes were prepared, and the degree of rectification could be adjusted with high precision by tuning the pH conditions. This work provides a novel approach to create a nanofluidic platform with replaceable surface functional groups, which has great potential in fields such as photosensitive nanofluidic devices, drug transport and release, and nanofluidic logic devices.

受生物离子通道的启发，科学家制造了各种人造纳米系统。然而，极少报道具有可替换官能团的纳米流体二极管系统。在这项工作中，我们展示了一种基于锥形聚酰亚胺纳米通道的通用可调谐纳米流体二极管。利用β-环糊精与偶氮苯之间的主客体相互作用，制备了双向纳米流体二极管，并且可以通过调节pH条件来高精度调节整流度。这项工作提供了一种新颖的方法来创建具有可替换表面官能团的纳米流体平台，该平台在诸如光敏纳米流体器件，药物运输和释放以及纳米流体逻辑器件等领域具有巨大的潜力。