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Catalytic Lewis Pair Polymerization of Renewable Methyl Crotonate to High-Molecular-Weight Polymers
ACS Catalysis ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-11 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03017 Michael McGraw 1 , Eugene Y.-X. Chen 1
ACS Catalysis ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-11 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03017 Michael McGraw 1 , Eugene Y.-X. Chen 1
Affiliation
Crotonates, unlike their constitutional isomers of methacrylates, are not readily polymerized by conventional radical or anionic polymerization methods. A recent effort in polymerizing biorenewable methyl crotonate (MC) using organic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) initiators led to only dimerization. This contribution reports an effective polymerization of MC using Lewis pairs consisting of an NHC or N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO) Lewis base and a group 13 Lewis acid, in particular sterically encumbered methylaluminum bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide) (MAD), producing high-molecular-weight poly(MC) (PMC) with Mn up to 161 kg/mol under ambient temperature and solvent free conditions. Depending on the nature of the Lewis pair and reaction conditions, the polymerization proceeds either catalytically producing lower molecular weight PMC or noncatalytically leading to high-molecular-weight PMC. Investigations into initiation mechanisms have revealed both nucleophilic and basic pathways. The observation of the susceptibility of MC to simple deprotonation and subsequent propagation in the presence of MAD and a strongly basic NHC—the basic pathway—has led to a facile approach to high-molecular-weight vinyl-functionalized PMC (Mn = 97.1 kg/mol) using simple KOtBu and MAD.
中文翻译:
可再生巴豆酸甲酯催化路易斯对聚合为高分子量聚合物
与它们的甲基丙烯酸酯的结构异构体不同,巴豆酸酯不易通过常规的自由基或阴离子聚合方法聚合。最近使用有机N杂环卡宾(NHC)引发剂聚合生物可再生巴豆酸甲酯(MC)的努力仅导致二聚化。该贡献报道了使用由NHC或N-杂环烯烃(NHO)路易斯碱和13族路易斯酸,特别是在空间上受阻的甲基铝双(2,6-二叔丁基-4 )组成的路易斯对对MC的有效聚合。-甲基苯酚(MAD),生产具有M n的高分子量聚(MC)(PMC)在环境温度和无溶剂条件下最高可达161 kg / mol。取决于路易斯对的性质和反应条件,聚合反应要么催化生成较低分子量的PMC,要么非催化生成高分子量的PMC。对引发机制的研究揭示了亲核途径和基本途径。在存在MAD和强碱性NHC(基本途径)的情况下观察到MC对简单去质子化和随后扩散的敏感性,导致了一种简便的方法来制备高分子量的乙烯基官能化PMC(M n = 97.1 kg / mol),使用简单的KO t Bu和MAD。
更新日期:2018-09-11
中文翻译:
可再生巴豆酸甲酯催化路易斯对聚合为高分子量聚合物
与它们的甲基丙烯酸酯的结构异构体不同,巴豆酸酯不易通过常规的自由基或阴离子聚合方法聚合。最近使用有机N杂环卡宾(NHC)引发剂聚合生物可再生巴豆酸甲酯(MC)的努力仅导致二聚化。该贡献报道了使用由NHC或N-杂环烯烃(NHO)路易斯碱和13族路易斯酸,特别是在空间上受阻的甲基铝双(2,6-二叔丁基-4 )组成的路易斯对对MC的有效聚合。-甲基苯酚(MAD),生产具有M n的高分子量聚(MC)(PMC)在环境温度和无溶剂条件下最高可达161 kg / mol。取决于路易斯对的性质和反应条件,聚合反应要么催化生成较低分子量的PMC,要么非催化生成高分子量的PMC。对引发机制的研究揭示了亲核途径和基本途径。在存在MAD和强碱性NHC(基本途径)的情况下观察到MC对简单去质子化和随后扩散的敏感性,导致了一种简便的方法来制备高分子量的乙烯基官能化PMC(M n = 97.1 kg / mol),使用简单的KO t Bu和MAD。