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Elucidating the Variability in the Hexabromocyclododecane Diastereomer Profile in the Global Environment
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-07 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03443
Li Li 1 , Frank Wania 1
Affiliation  

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) is a hazardous flame retardant subject to international regulation. Whereas γ-HBCDD is a dominant component in the technical HBCDD mixture, the diastereomer profile in environmental samples shows substantial temporal and spatial variations, ranging from γ- to α-HBCDD-dominant. To explain such variability, we simulate the global emissions and fate of HBCDD diastereomers, using a dynamic substance flow analysis model (CiP-CAFE) coupled to a multimedia environmental fate model (BETR-Global). Our modeling results indicate that, as of 2015, 340–1000 tonnes of HBCDD have been emitted globally, with slightly more γ-HBCDD (50%–65%) than α-HBCDD (30%–50%). Emissions of γ-HBCDD primarily originate from production and other industrial processes, whereas those of α-HBCDD are mainly associated with the use and end-of-life disposal of HBCDD-containing products. Presently, α-HBCDD dominates the contamination in the air of populated areas, while γ-HBCDD is more abundant in remote background areas and in regions with HCBDD production and processing facilities. Globally, the relative abundance of α-HBCDD is anticipated to increase after production of HBCDD is banned. Due to isomerization, α-HBCDD accumulates to a larger extent than γ-HBCDD in Arctic surface media. Since α-HBCDD is more persistent and bioaccumulative than other diastereomers, isomerization has bearing on the potential environmental and health impacts on a global scale.

中文翻译:

阐明全球环境中六溴环十二烷非对映异构体分布的变异性

六溴环十二烷(HBCDD)是受国际法规管制的危险阻燃剂。γ-六溴环十二烷是工业六溴环十二烷混合物中的主要成分,而环境样品中的非对映异构体图则显示出从γ-到α-六溴环十二烷占主导的时间和空间变化。为了解释这种可变性,我们使用动态物质流分析模型(CiP-CAFE)和多媒体环境归宿模型(BETR-Global)来模拟HBCDD非对映异构体的全球排放和归宿。我们的模拟结果表明,截至2015年,全球已排放340–1000吨六溴环十二烷,γ-六溴环十二烷(50%–65%)比α-六溴环十二烷(30%–50%)略多。γ-六溴环十二烷的排放主要来自生产和其他工业过程,而α-六溴环十二烷的那些主要与含六溴环十二烷的产品的使用和报废处理有关。目前,α-六溴环十二烷在人口稠密地区的空气中占主导地位,而γ-六溴环十二烷在偏远的背景地区和具有六氯丁二烯生产和加工设施的地区更为丰富。在全球范围内,在禁止生产六溴环十二烷后,预计α-六溴环十二烷的相对丰度将增加。由于异构化,在北极表面介质中,α-六溴环十二烷的积累程度要大于γ-六溴环十二烷。由于α-六溴环十二烷比其他非对映异构体更具持久性和生物蓄积性,因此异构化影响着全球范围内对环境和健康的潜在影响。而γ-六溴环十二烷在偏远的背景地区和具有六氯苯酚生产和加工设施的地区更为丰富。在全球范围内,在禁止生产六溴环十二烷后,预计α-六溴环十二烷的相对丰度将增加。由于异构化,在北极表面介质中,α-六溴环十二烷的积累程度要大于γ-六溴环十二烷。由于α-六溴环十二烷比其他非对映异构体更具持久性和生物蓄积性,因此异构化影响着全球范围内对环境和健康的潜在影响。而γ-六溴环十二烷在偏远的背景地区和具有六氯苯酚生产和加工设施的地区更为丰富。在全球范围内,在禁止生产六溴环十二烷后,预计α-六溴环十二烷的相对丰度将增加。由于异构化,在北极表面介质中,α-六溴环十二烷的积累程度要大于γ-六溴环十二烷。由于α-六溴环十二烷比其他非对映异构体更具持久性和生物蓄积性,因此异构化影响着全球范围内对环境和健康的潜在影响。
更新日期:2018-09-09
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