The rising demand for radiation detection materials in many applications has led to extensive research on scintillators1–3. The ability of a scintillator to absorb high-energy (kiloelectronvolt-scale) X-ray photons and convert the absorbed energy into low-energy visible photons is critical for applications in radiation exposure monitoring, security inspection, X-ray astronomy and medical radiography4,5. However, conventional scintillators are generally synthesized by crystallization at a high temperature and their radioluminescence is difficult to tune across the visible spectrum. Here we describe experimental investigations of a series of all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals comprising caesium and lead atoms and their response to X-ray irradiation. These nanocrystal scintillators exhibit strong X-ray absorption and intense radioluminescence at visible wavelengths. Unlike bulk inorganic scintillators, these perovskite nanomaterials are solution-processable at a relatively low temperature and can generate X-ray-induced emissions that are easily tunable across the visible spectrum by tailoring the anionic component of colloidal precursors during their synthesis. These features allow the fabrication of flexible and highly sensitive X-ray detectors with a detection limit of 13 nanograys per second, which is about 400 times lower than typical medical imaging doses. We show that these colour-tunable perovskite nanocrystal scintillators can provide a convenient visualization tool for X-ray radiography, as the associated image can be directly recorded by standard digital cameras. We also demonstrate their direct integration with commercial flat-panel imagers and their utility in examining electronic circuit boards under low-dose X-ray illumination.All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals containing caesium and lead provide low-cost, flexible and solution-processable scintillators that are highly sensitive to X-ray irradiation and emit radioluminescence that is colour-tunable across the visible spectrum.

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全无机钙钛矿纳米晶闪烁体

许多应用对辐射检测材料的需求不断增长，导致对闪烁体的广泛研究1-3。闪烁体吸收高能（千电子伏级）X 射线光子并将吸收的能量转化为低能可见光子的能力对于辐射暴露监测、安全检查、X 射线天文学和医学放射照相术的应用至关重要。 5. 然而，传统的闪烁体通常是通过高温结晶合成的，并且它们的辐射发光很难在整个可见光谱范围内进行调整。在这里，我们描述了一系列包含铯和铅原子的全无机钙钛矿纳米晶体的实验研究及其对 X 射线辐射的响应。这些纳米晶体闪烁体在可见光波长下表现出强烈的 X 射线吸收和强烈的辐射发光。与本体无机闪烁体不同，这些钙钛矿纳米材料可以在相对较低的温度下进行溶液加工，并且可以通过在合成过程中调整胶体前体的阴离子成分，产生 X 射线诱导的发射，这些发射在可见光谱范围内很容易调节。这些特性允许制造灵活且高灵敏度的 X 射线探测器，其探测极限为每秒 13 纳格雷，比典型的医学成像剂量低约 400 倍。我们表明，这些颜色可调的钙钛矿纳米晶体闪烁体可以为 X 射线照相提供方便的可视化工具，因为相关图像可以由标准数码相机直接记录。