Calcium ions (Ca²⁺) are some of the most versatile signalling molecules, and they have many physiological functions, prominently including muscle contraction, neuronal excitability, cell migration and cell growth. By sequestering and releasing Ca²⁺, mitochondria serve as important regulators of cellular Ca²⁺. Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ also has other important functions, such as regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, ATP production and cell death. In recent years, identification of the molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial Ca²⁺ accumulation and efflux has expanded the number of (patho)physiological conditions that rely on mitochondrial Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Thus, expanding the understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca²⁺ regulation and function in different cell types is an important task in biomedical research, which offers the possibility of targeting mitochondrial Ca²⁺ machinery for the treatment of several disorders.

钙离子（Ca ²⁺）是一些用途最广泛的信号分子，它们具有许多生理功能，主要包括肌肉收缩，神经元兴奋性，细胞迁移和细胞生长。通过螯合和释放Ca ²⁺，线粒体成为细胞Ca ^2+的重要调节剂。线粒体Ca ²⁺还具有其他重要功能，例如调节线粒体代谢，ATP产生和细胞死亡。近年来，对调节线粒体Ca ²⁺积累和流出的分子机制的认识扩大了依赖线粒体Ca ²⁺的（病理）生理条件的数量。稳态。因此，扩大对线粒体Ca ²⁺调节和作用于不同细胞类型的机制的认识是生物医学研究中的重要任务，这为靶向线粒体Ca ²⁺机制治疗多种疾病提供了可能性。