It has been a long-standing challenge to produce air-stable few- or monolayer samples of phosphorene because thin phosphorene films degrade rapidly in ambient conditions. Here we demonstrate a new highly controllable method for fabricating high quality, air-stable phosphorene films with a designated number of layers ranging from a few down to monolayer. Our approach involves the use of oxygen plasma dry etching to thin down thick-exfoliated phosphorene flakes, layer by layer with atomic precision. Moreover, in a stabilized phosphorene monolayer, we were able to precisely engineer defects for the first time, which led to efficient emission of photons at new frequencies in the near infrared at room temperature. In addition, we demonstrate the use of an electrostatic gate to tune the photon emission from the defects in a monolayer phosphorene. This could lead to new electronic and optoelectronic devices, such as electrically tunable, broadband near infrared lighting devices operating at room temperature.

中文翻译：

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磷稳定的空气稳定单分子膜的生产及其缺陷工程。

产生空气稳定的少量或单层磷光体样品一直是一项长期的挑战，因为磷光体薄膜在环境条件下会迅速降解。在这里，我们演示了一种新的高度可控的方法，该方法可用于制造高质量的，空气稳定的磷薄膜，该薄膜的指定层数从几层到单层不等。我们的方法涉及使用氧等离子干法蚀刻，以原子精度逐层稀化厚片状的磷片。此外，在稳定的磷烯单层中，我们能够首次精确地设计缺陷，从而在室温下以近红外的新频率有效发射光子。此外，我们演示了使用静电门来调节单层磷光体中缺陷的光子发射。