Biomaterials-associated infections (BAIs) are related to bacterial colonization on medical devices, which lead to a serious medical burden, such as increased healthcare cost, prolonged hospital stays, and high mortality and morbidity. To reduce the risk of infections, in this work, a new approach which makes use of a bioinspired coating with dual antimicrobial and antifouling functions was developed through rapid deposition of functional polydopamine (pDA) and antimicrobial copper ions, and subsequent conjugation of zwitterionic antifouling sulfobetaine (SB) moieties by the aza-Michael addition reaction. pDA permits surface-independent versatile functionalization on a variety of substrates, such as TiO2, SiO2, gold, plastics, and Nitinol alloy. The characterizations for chemical elemental compositions and hydrophilicity by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle goniometer, respectively, indicating the successful grafting of SB moieties and the presence of copper ions in the pDA adlayers. Ellipsometric thicknesses of the thin films were followed to monitor the formation of pDA films and the changes after the post conjugation. UV-vis spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed the coordination structure of catechol-Cu, and release profile of Cu2+ from the constructed functional coatings. The superhydrophilic and charge-balanced SB interface allowed effective resistance of bacterial adsorption. Intriguingly, we scrutinized that the release of bactericidal copper ions enables killing the residual amount of adsorbed bacteria. Moreover, viability tests for fibroblast cells indicate the excellent biocompatibility of the developed medical coatings. For real-world implementation, the antifouling and antimicrobial coatings were applied on commercially available silicone-based urinary catheters, and the existence of bacteria was evaluated by using the plate-counting assay. The results showed an undetectable level of living bacteria. Consequently, the dual functional medical coating offers a promising approach to eliminate BAIs for practical applications.

中文翻译：

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通过快速沉积聚多巴胺和两性离子化技术开发抗菌和防污通用涂料。

生物材料相关感染（BAI）与医疗器械上的细菌定植有关，这会导致严重的医疗负担，例如医疗费用增加，住院时间延长以及高死亡率和高发病率。为了降低感染的风险，在这项工作中，通过快速沉积功能性聚多巴胺（pDA）和抗菌铜离子，以及随后将两性离子防污磺基甜菜碱结合，开发了一种新方法，该方法利用了具有双重抗菌和防污功能的生物启发涂层（SB）部分由氮杂-迈克尔加成反应。pDA可以在各种基材（例如TiO2，SiO2，金，塑料和镍钛诺合金）上实现与表面无关的通用功能化。分别通过X射线光电子能谱和接触角测角仪对化学元素组成和亲水性进行表征，表明SB部分已成功接枝，pDA吸附层中存在铜离子。跟踪薄膜的椭偏厚度，以监测pDA膜的形成以及后缀合后的变化。紫外可见光谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱分析揭示了邻苯二酚-铜的配位结构，并从构造的功能涂层中释放了Cu2 +的释放曲线。超亲水和电荷平衡的SB界面可有效抵抗细菌吸附。有趣的是，我们仔细研究了杀菌铜离子的释放能够杀死残留的吸附细菌。而且，成纤维细胞的活力测试表明，已开发的医用涂层具有出色的生物相容性。为了在现实世界中实施，将防污和抗菌涂层涂覆在可商购的基于有机硅的导尿管上，并通过计数板法评估细菌的存在。结果显示无法检测到活菌水平。因此，双功能医疗涂层为消除实际应用中的BAI提供了一种有前途的方法。结果显示无法检测到水平的活细菌。因此，双功能医疗涂层为消除实际应用中的BAI提供了一种有前途的方法。结果显示无法检测到活菌水平。因此，双功能医疗涂层为消除实际应用中的BAI提供了一种有前途的方法。