The development of nanotechnology has led to the production of new valuable by-products in the food industry. In this way, we synthesized a new green fungicide using the impure montmorillonite (Mt) and extract of pomegranate fruit waste. In addition, we compared the Mt/pomegranate fruit peel extract (Mt/PFPE) with the Mt/clove leaf extract (Mt/CLE) and Mt/Gallic acid (Mt/GA) composites. The mentioned composites were prepared through the simple and low-cost intercalation technique. The antifungal activity of these composites on postharvest gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) in apple fruit were tested in vitro and in vivo. XRD pattern confirmed the highly intercalation of plant extracts between interlayers of Mt nanoparticles. HPLC analysis and FTIR spectra showed that Mt nanoparticles absorbed the phenolic compounds from extract selectively. TGA analysis indicated high loading yield up to 70%. The Mt/PFPE, Mt/CLE and Mt/GA nanocomposites had 102%, 84% and 75% higher antifungal activity than single Mt nanoparticles. These findings suggest the Mt/PFPE nanocomposite as a low-cost but valuable by-product in the pomegranate juice industry.

纳米技术的发展导致了食品工业中有价值的新副产品的生产。这样，我们使用不纯的蒙脱土（Mt）和石榴果实废料的提取物合成了一种新的绿色杀菌剂。此外，我们比较了Mt /石榴果皮提取物（Mt / PFPE）与Mt /丁香叶提取物（Mt / CLE）和Mt /没食子酸（Mt / GA）复合材料。所述复合材料是通过简单且低成本的插层技术制备的。这些复合材料对采后灰霉病的抗真菌活性（灰葡萄孢）在苹果果实中进行了体内和体外测试。XRD图谱证实了植物提取物在Mt纳米颗粒的中间层之间的高度嵌入。HPLC分析和FTIR光谱表明，Mt纳米颗粒选择性地从提取物中吸收了酚类化合物。TGA分析表明高负载率可达70％。Mt / PFPE，Mt / CLE和Mt / GA纳米复合材料的抗真菌活性比单个Mt纳米颗粒高102％，84％和75％。这些发现表明，Mt / PFPE纳米复合材料是石榴汁行业中一种低成本但有价值的副产品。