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Operando Insights into CO Oxidation on Cobalt Oxide Catalysts by NAP-XPS, FTIR, and XRD.
ACS Catalysis ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-07 , DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01237 Liliana Lukashuk 1 , Nevzat Yigit 1 , Raffael Rameshan 2 , Elisabeth Kolar 1 , Detre Teschner 3, 4 , Michael Hävecker 3, 4 , Axel Knop-Gericke 3 , Robert Schlögl 3, 4 , Karin Föttinger 1 , Günther Rupprechter 1
ACS Catalysis ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-07 , DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01237 Liliana Lukashuk 1 , Nevzat Yigit 1 , Raffael Rameshan 2 , Elisabeth Kolar 1 , Detre Teschner 3, 4 , Michael Hävecker 3, 4 , Axel Knop-Gericke 3 , Robert Schlögl 3, 4 , Karin Föttinger 1 , Günther Rupprechter 1
Affiliation
Cobalt oxide Co3O4 has recently emerged as promising, noble metal-free catalyst for oxidation reactions but a better understanding of the active catalyst under working conditions is required for further development and potential commercialization. An operando approach has been applied, combining near ambient (atmospheric) pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), or X-ray diffraction (XRD) with simultaneous catalytic tests of CO oxidation on Co3O4, enabling one to monitor surface and bulk states under various reaction conditions (steady-state and dynamic conditions switching between CO and O2). On the basis of the surface-specific chemical information a complex network of different reaction pathways unfolded: Mars-van-Krevelen (MvK), CO dissociation followed by carbon oxidation, and formation of carbonates. A possible Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) pathway cannot be excluded because of the good activity when no oxygen vacancies were detected. The combined NAP-XPS/FTIR results are in line with a MvK mechanism above 100 °C, involving the Co3+/Co2+ redox couple and oxygen vacancy formation. Under steady state, the Co3O4 surface appeared oxidized and the amount of reduced Co2+ species at/near the surface remained low up to 200 °C. Only in pure CO, about 15% of surface reduction were detected, suggesting that the active sites are a minority species. The operando spectroscopic studies also revealed additional reaction pathways: CO dissociation followed by carbon reoxidation and carbonate formation and its decomposition. However, due to their thermal stability in various atmospheres, the carbonates are rather spectators and also CO dissociation seems a minor route. This study thus highlights the benefits of combining operando surface sensitive techniques to gain insight into catalytically active surfaces.
中文翻译:
Operando对NAP-XPS,FTIR和XRD在氧化钴催化剂上的CO氧化的见解。
氧化钴Co3O4最近已成为有前途的,无贵金属的氧化反应催化剂,但需要进一步了解工作条件下的活性催化剂,以进行进一步的开发和潜在的商业化。已采用一种操作方法,将近环境(大气压)X射线光电子能谱(NAP-XPS),傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)或X射线衍射(XRD)与同时在CO3O4上氧化CO的催化测试相结合,可以监控各种反应条件(CO和O2之间的稳态和动态条件)下的表面状态和本体状态。根据特定于表面的化学信息,展开了一个由不同反应路径组成的复杂网络:Mars-van-Krevelen(MvK),CO分解然后是碳氧化,和碳酸盐的形成。由于未检测到氧空位时具有良好的活性,因此不能排除可能的Langmuir-Hinshelwood(LH)途径。NAP-XPS / FTIR的组合结果与高于100°C的MvK机制相符,涉及Co3 + / Co2 +氧化还原对和氧空位的形成。在稳定状态下,Co3O4表面被氧化,在表面附近/附近,还原的Co2 +种类的数量一直保持低至200°C。仅在纯CO中,可检测到约15%的表面减少,这表明活性部位是少数物种。操作光谱学研究还揭示了另外的反应途径:CO离解,然后进行碳再氧化,碳酸盐形成及其分解。但是,由于它们在各种气氛中的热稳定性,碳酸盐是相当吸引人的,而且CO离解似乎是一条次要路线。因此,这项研究强调了结合操作表面敏感技术以深入了解催化活性表面的好处。
更新日期:2018-08-07
中文翻译:
Operando对NAP-XPS,FTIR和XRD在氧化钴催化剂上的CO氧化的见解。
氧化钴Co3O4最近已成为有前途的,无贵金属的氧化反应催化剂,但需要进一步了解工作条件下的活性催化剂,以进行进一步的开发和潜在的商业化。已采用一种操作方法,将近环境(大气压)X射线光电子能谱(NAP-XPS),傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)或X射线衍射(XRD)与同时在CO3O4上氧化CO的催化测试相结合,可以监控各种反应条件(CO和O2之间的稳态和动态条件)下的表面状态和本体状态。根据特定于表面的化学信息,展开了一个由不同反应路径组成的复杂网络:Mars-van-Krevelen(MvK),CO分解然后是碳氧化,和碳酸盐的形成。由于未检测到氧空位时具有良好的活性,因此不能排除可能的Langmuir-Hinshelwood(LH)途径。NAP-XPS / FTIR的组合结果与高于100°C的MvK机制相符,涉及Co3 + / Co2 +氧化还原对和氧空位的形成。在稳定状态下,Co3O4表面被氧化,在表面附近/附近,还原的Co2 +种类的数量一直保持低至200°C。仅在纯CO中,可检测到约15%的表面减少,这表明活性部位是少数物种。操作光谱学研究还揭示了另外的反应途径:CO离解,然后进行碳再氧化,碳酸盐形成及其分解。但是,由于它们在各种气氛中的热稳定性,碳酸盐是相当吸引人的,而且CO离解似乎是一条次要路线。因此,这项研究强调了结合操作表面敏感技术以深入了解催化活性表面的好处。