Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks for Therapeutic, Imaging, and Sensing Applications,Advanced Materials

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Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks for Therapeutic, Imaging, and Sensing Applications
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-04 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707634
Kuangda Lu _{1,

2} , Theint Aung ₁ , Nining Guo _{1,

2} , Ralph Weichselbaum ₂ , Wenbin Lin ₁

Affiliation

Nanotechnology has played an important role in drug delivery and biomedical imaging over the past two decades. In particular, nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (nMOFs) are emerging as an important class of biomedically relevant nanomaterials due to their high porosity, multifunctionality, and biocompatibility. The high porosity of nMOFs allows for the encapsulation of exceptionally high payloads of therapeutic and/or imaging cargoes while the building blocks—both ligands and the secondary building units (SBUs)—can be utilized to load drugs and/or imaging agents via covalent attachment. The ligands and SBUs of nMOFs can also be functionalized for surface passivation or active targeting at overexpressed biomarkers. The metal ions or metal clusters on nMOFs also render them viable candidates as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or other imaging modalities. This review article summarizes recent progress on nMOF designs and their exploration in biomedical areas. First, the therapeutic applications of nMOFs, based on four distinct drug loading strategies, are discussed, followed by a summary of nMOF designs for imaging and biosensing. The review is concluded by exploring the fundamental challenges facing nMOF‐based therapeutic, imaging, and biosensing agents. This review hopefully can stimulate interdisciplinary research at the intersection of MOFs and biomedicine.

中文翻译：

用于治疗、成像和传感应用的纳米级金属有机框架

过去二十年来，纳米技术在药物输送和生物医学成像领域发挥了重要作用。特别是，纳米级金属有机框架（nMOF）由于其高孔隙率、多功能性和生物相容性而成为一类重要的生物医学相关纳米材料。 nMOF 的高孔隙率允许封装极高有效负载的治疗和/或成像货物，而构建块（配体和二级构建单元 (SBU)）可用于通过共价连接来负载药物和/或成像剂。 nMOF 的配体和 SBU 也可以进行功能化，用于表面钝化或主动靶向过度表达的生物标志物。 nMOF 上的金属离子或金属簇也使它们成为磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描或其他成像方式的造影剂的可行候选者。本文总结了 nMOF 设计的最新进展及其在生物医学领域的探索。首先，讨论基于四种不同载药策略的 nMOF 的治疗应用，然后总结用于成像和生物传感的 nMOF 设计。该综述通过探索基于 nMOF 的治疗剂、成像剂和生物传感剂所面临的基本挑战来结束。这篇综述有望促进 MOF 和生物医学交叉领域的跨学科研究。

更新日期：2018-07-04

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