Land plants are engaged in intricate communities with soil bacteria and fungi indispensable for plant survival and growth. The plant-microbial interactions are largely governed by specific metabolites. We employed a combination of lipid-fingerprinting, enzyme activity assays, high-throughput DNA sequencing and isolation of cultivable microorganisms to uncover the dynamics of the bacterial and fungal community structures in the soil after exposure to isothiocyanates (ITC) obtained from rapeseed glucosinolates. Rapeseed-derived ITCs, including the cyclic, stable goitrin, are secondary metabolites with strong allelopathic affects against other plants, fungi and nematodes, and in addition can represent a health risk for human and animals. However, the effects of ITC application on the different bacterial and fungal organisms in soil are not known in detail. ITCs diminished the diversity of bacteria and fungi. After exposure, only few bacterial taxa of the Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteriodetes and Acidobacteria proliferated while Trichosporon (Zygomycota) dominated the fungal soil community. Many surviving microorganisms in ITC-treated soil where previously shown to harbor plant growth promoting properties. Cultivable fungi and bacteria were isolated from treated soils. A large number of cultivable microbial strains was capable of mobilizing soluble phosphate from insoluble calcium phosphate, and their application to Arabidopsis plants resulted in increased biomass production, thus revealing growth promoting activities. Therefore, inclusion of rapeseed-derived glucosinolates during biofumigation causes losses of microbiota, but also results in enrichment with ITC-tolerant plant microorganisms, a number of which show growth promoting activities, suggesting that Brassicaceae plants can shape soil microbiota community structure favoring bacteria and fungi beneficial for Brassica plants.

陆地植物与土壤细菌和真菌一起生活在错综复杂的群落中，而土壤细菌和真菌对于植物的生存和生长必不可少。植物与微生物的相互作用主要由特定的代谢产物控制。我们采用了脂质指纹图谱，酶活性测定，高通量DNA测序和可培养微生物分离的组合，以揭示暴露于从菜籽芥子油苷中获得的异硫氰酸盐（ITC）后土壤中细菌和真菌群落结构的动态。来自油菜籽的ITC，包括环状稳定的甲状腺素，是对其他植物，真菌和线虫具有强烈化感作用的次生代谢产物，此外，还可能对人类和动物造成健康威胁。然而，ITC对土壤中不同细菌和真菌生物的影响尚不清楚。ITC减少了细菌和真菌的多样性。暴露后，γ-变形杆菌，细菌杆菌和酸性细菌中只有少数细菌类群增生，而Trichosporon（Zygomycota）主导了真菌土壤群落。在ITC处理过的土壤中，许多存活的微生物以前被证明具有促进植物生长的特性。从处理过的土壤中分离出可培养的真菌和细菌。大量可培养的微生物菌株能够从不溶性磷酸钙中迁移出可溶性磷酸盐，并将其应用于拟南芥植物导致增加的生物量生产，从而揭示了促进生长的活动。因此，在生物熏蒸过程中包含油菜籽中的芥子油苷会导致微生物群的损失，但也会导致ITC耐性植物微生物的富集，其中许多微生物具有促进生长的活性，这表明十字花科植物可以塑造有利于细菌和真菌的土壤微生物群落结构。对芸苔属植物有益。