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Reducing the Universal “Coffee-Ring Effect” by a Vapor-Assisted Spraying Method for High-Efficiency CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-03 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07422 Haibin Chen 1 , Xihong Ding 1 , Xu Pan 2 , Tasawar Hayat 3, 4 , Ahmed Alsaedi 4 , Yong Ding 1 , Songyuan Dai 1
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-03 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07422 Haibin Chen 1 , Xihong Ding 1 , Xu Pan 2 , Tasawar Hayat 3, 4 , Ahmed Alsaedi 4 , Yong Ding 1 , Songyuan Dai 1
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Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most attractive and efficient burgeoning thin-film photovoltaics. The perovskite films have been fabricated via lots of deposition methods, but these laboratory-based fabrication methods are not well-matched with large-area manufacture. Herein, spray coating as a deposition technique was explored to prepare perovskite films and break the bottleneck that plagued large-scale production. However, it is hard to reduce the notorious “coffee-ring effect” during the process of spraying perovskite films especially in a one-step spraying method. Thus, the vapor-assisted spraying method (VASM), namely, fabricating perovskite films through a vapor–solid in situ reaction between CH3NH3I vapor and sprayed PbI2 films, was creatively applied to the preparation of dense and uniform perovskite films. The surfaces of the sprayed PbI2 films were optimized by adjusting the wettability, viscosity, and contact quality via various methods such as the selection of solvent, solution concentration, and substrate temperature to inhibit the capillary flow and release the pinning contact line. The application of a component solvent could effectively crush the dense structure of the PbI2 film, optimizing the morphology of PbI2 films and reducing the influence of the coffee-ring effect. Integrating the above aspects, the optimized PbI2 films could form uniform perovskite films via an in situ reaction, and a best power conversion efficiency of 17.56% was achieved for planar structure PSCs, which is high among the PSCs fabricated by the spraying method. In addition, the VASM could be applied in the actual conditions for mass production, exhibiting excellent optical and electrical properties and paving the way of the commercialization of PSCs.
中文翻译：
通过蒸汽辅助喷涂方法降低高效CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3钙钛矿型太阳能电池的普遍“咖啡环效应”
有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）是最有吸引力且最有效的新兴薄膜光伏电池之一。钙钛矿薄膜是通过许多沉积方法制造的，但是这些基于实验室的制造方法与大面积制造并不能很好地匹配。在本文中，探索了喷涂法作为沉积技术来制备钙钛矿薄膜并打破困扰大规模生产的瓶颈。但是，在钙钛矿膜的喷涂过程中，尤其是一步喷涂法中，很难减少臭名昭著的“咖啡环效应”。因此，蒸气辅助喷涂法（VASM），即通过CH 3 NH 3 I蒸气与喷涂的PbI 2的汽-固原位反应制备钙钛矿薄膜。薄膜，被创造性地应用于致密而均匀的钙钛矿薄膜的制备。通过各种方法（例如选择溶剂，溶液浓度和基材温度）来调节润湿性，粘度和接触质量，从而优化了喷涂的PbI 2膜的表面，以抑制毛细管流动并释放钉扎接触线。一组分溶剂的应用可以有效地压碎碘化铅的致密结构2膜，优化碘化铅的形态2膜和减少的咖啡环效应的影响。综合以上方面，优化了PbI 2薄膜可通过原位反应形成均匀的钙钛矿薄膜，平面结构的PSC的最佳功率转换效率达到17.56％，这在通过喷涂方法制造的PSC中是很高的。此外，VASM可以在实际条件下进行批量生产，具有出色的光学和电学性能，并为PSC的商业化铺平了道路。
更新日期：2018-07-03
中文翻译：
通过蒸汽辅助喷涂方法降低高效CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3钙钛矿型太阳能电池的普遍“咖啡环效应”
有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）是最有吸引力且最有效的新兴薄膜光伏电池之一。钙钛矿薄膜是通过许多沉积方法制造的，但是这些基于实验室的制造方法与大面积制造并不能很好地匹配。在本文中，探索了喷涂法作为沉积技术来制备钙钛矿薄膜并打破困扰大规模生产的瓶颈。但是，在钙钛矿膜的喷涂过程中，尤其是一步喷涂法中，很难减少臭名昭著的“咖啡环效应”。因此，蒸气辅助喷涂法（VASM），即通过CH 3 NH 3 I蒸气与喷涂的PbI 2的汽-固原位反应制备钙钛矿薄膜。薄膜，被创造性地应用于致密而均匀的钙钛矿薄膜的制备。通过各种方法（例如选择溶剂，溶液浓度和基材温度）来调节润湿性，粘度和接触质量，从而优化了喷涂的PbI 2膜的表面，以抑制毛细管流动并释放钉扎接触线。一组分溶剂的应用可以有效地压碎碘化铅的致密结构2膜，优化碘化铅的形态2膜和减少的咖啡环效应的影响。综合以上方面，优化了PbI 2薄膜可通过原位反应形成均匀的钙钛矿薄膜，平面结构的PSC的最佳功率转换效率达到17.56％，这在通过喷涂方法制造的PSC中是很高的。此外，VASM可以在实际条件下进行批量生产，具有出色的光学和电学性能，并为PSC的商业化铺平了道路。
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