Perfluorinated hydrocarbons and their polar derivatives are produced annually in high quantities and find multiple industrial and technological applications due to their chemical and physical durability, significant hydro- and lipophobicity and excellent surface activity. Unfortunately, multiple perfluorinated compounds are recognized as persistent organic pollutants as they are completely nonbiodegradable and accumulate in soils and sediments. In our studies, we applied Langmuir monolayers formed by different structural phospholipids as models of soil bacteria and fungi membranes and investigated the effects exerted by long-chain perfluorinated pollutants, perfluorotelomer alcohol and two structurally different perfluorinated hydrocarbons, on the artificial membranes. Various mutually complemental methods such as surface pressure—mean molecular area isotherm registration, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) were applied. It turned out that the presence of the perfluorinated chemicals profoundly affected the phospholipid monolayers. The miscibility of the phospholipid with the perfluorotelomer alcohol depended strongly on the size and charge of the polar headgroup. Additionally, it was observed by BAM that the presence of the perfluorinated molecules significantly changed the texture of all the investigated phospholipid monolayers. On the basis of the BAM and GIXD results and other studies described in the scientific literature, we postulated that the perfluorinated hydrocarbons form an additional monolayer anchored on top of the phospholipid film. Our studies prove that both polar and nonpolar perfluorinated pollutants can be toxic to decomposer organisms and that their toxicity is strictly correlated with the phospholipid composition of the cellular membrane.

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长链全氟调聚物和全氟化烃与模型分解膜的相互作用

全氟化碳及其极性衍生物每年都大量生产，并且由于其化学和物理耐久性，显着的疏水性和疏油性以及出色的表面活性，因此在工业和技术上得到了广泛应用。不幸的是，多种全氟化化合物被认为是持久性有机污染物，因为它们是完全不可生物降解的，并且会累积在土壤和沉积物中。在我们的研究中，我们将由不同结构的磷脂形成的Langmuir单层作为土壤细菌和真菌膜的模型，并研究了长链全氟化污染物，全氟调聚物和两种结构不同的全氟化烃对人造膜的影响。应用了各种相互补充的方法，例如表面压力-平均分子面积等温线配准，布鲁斯特角显微镜（BAM）和掠入射X射线衍射（GIXD）。事实证明，全氟化物的存在对磷脂单层产生了深远的影响。磷脂与全氟调聚物醇的混溶性在很大程度上取决于极性头基的大小和电荷。另外，通过BAM观察到，全氟化分子的存在显着改变了所有研究的磷脂单层的质地。根据BAM和GIXD结果以及科学文献中描述的其他研究，我们假设全氟化烃形成了一个附加的单层，锚定在磷脂膜的顶部。