Heavy metals and radionuclides in water are a global environmental issue, which has been receiving considerable attention worldwide. Water-stable MOFs are green and recyclable materials to eliminate the environmental impacts caused by the hazardous heavy metal ions and radionuclides in water. This paper presents a systematical review on the current status of water-stable MOFs that capture and convert a wide range of heavy metal ions (e.g., As(III)/As(V), Pb(II), Hg(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III)/Cr(VI)) and radionuclides (e.g., U(VI), Se(IV)/Se(VI) and Cs(I)) in aqueous solution. Water-stable MOFs and MOF-based composites exhibit the superior adsorption capability for these metal species in water. Significantly, MOFs show high selectivity in capturing target metal ions even in the presence of multiple water constituents. Mechanisms involved in capturing metal ions are described. MOFs also have excellent catalytic performance (photocatalysis and catalytic reduction by formic acid) for Cr(VI) conversion to Cr(III). Future research is suggested to provide insightful guidance to enhance the performance of the MOFs in capturing target pollutants in aquatic environment.

水中的重金属和放射性核素是一个全球性的环境问题，在世界范围内已受到相当大的关注。耐水的MOF是绿色的可回收材料，可消除水中有害的重金属离子和放射性核素对环境造成的影响。本文对捕获和转化各种重金属离子（例如，As（III）/ As（V），Pb（II），Hg（II），Cd （II）和Cr（III）/ Cr（VI））和放射性核素（例如U（VI），Se（IV）/ Se（VI）和Cs（I））在水溶液中。耐水的MOF和基于MOF的复合材料对水中的这些金属物种表现出优异的吸附能力。重要的是，即使在存在多种水成分的情况下，MOF在捕获目标金属离子时也显示出很高的选择性。描述了与捕获金属离子有关的机制。MOF还具有优异的催化性能（光催化和甲酸催化还原），可将Cr（VI）转化为Cr（III）。建议未来的研究提供有见地的指导，以增强MOF在水生环境中捕获目标污染物的性能。