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Nonequilibrium Reaction Kinetics in Molecular Solids
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2015-12-22 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b09820
Mitchell A. Wood 1 , Alejandro Strachan 1
Affiliation  

We explore the possibility of nonstatistical chemical reactions in condensed-phase energetic materials via reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We characterize the response of nitromethane [CH3NO2], HMX [cyclic (CH2-NNO2)4], and PETN [C-(CH2-ONO2)4] to different types of insults: electric fields of various frequencies and strengths and direct heating at various rates. We find that nonequilibrium states can be created for short time scales when energy input targets specific vibrations through the electric fields and that equilibration eventually occurs even while the insults remain present. Interestingly, for strong fields these relaxation time scales are comparable to those of the initial chemical decomposition of the molecules. NM decomposes predominantly via bimolecular reactions, and while insults targeting specific modes lead to strong nonequilibrium states, they do not affect the kinetics associated with decomposition. PETN decomposes via the unimolecular formation of NO2 and, quite interestingly, exhibits faster initial decomposition and lower activation energy when excited by frequency-targeted electric fields. HMX, a larger cyclic molecule, exhibits faster internal relaxation time scales, and the degree of nonequilibrium achieved is smaller than in the other two materials. Therefore, its decomposition is rather independent of insult type and does not deviate from statistical behavior. These results provide insight into nonequilibrium or coherent initiation of chemistry in the condensed phase that would be of interest in fields ranging from catalysis to explosives.

中文翻译:

分子固体中的非平衡反应动力学

我们通过反应分子动力学(MD)模拟探索了凝相含能材料中非统计化学反应的可能性。我们表征了硝基甲烷[CH 3 NO 2 ],HMX [环状(CH 2 -NNO 24 ]和PETN [C-(CH 2 -ONO 24对不同类型的侮辱:各种频率和强度的电场以及各种速率的直接加热。我们发现,当能量输入通过电场将特定的振动作为目标时,可以在短时间内创建非平衡状态,并且即使在仍然存在侮辱的情况下,最终也会发生平衡。有趣的是,对于强场,这些弛豫时间尺度与分子的初始化学分解的弛豫时间尺度相当。NM主要通过双分子反应分解,尽管针对特定模式的攻击导致强烈的非平衡态,但它们不影响与分解相关的动力学。PETN通过单分子形成的NO 2分解并且,非常有趣的是,当被频率定向的电场激发时,它表现出更快的初始分解和更低的活化能。HMX是一种较大的环状分子,表现出更快的内部弛豫时间尺度,并且实现的不平衡程度小于其他两种材料。因此,它的分解相当独立于侮辱类型,并且不偏离统计行为。这些结果提供了对凝结相中化学反应的非平衡或相干引发的见解,这在从催化到爆炸物等领域将是令人感兴趣的。
更新日期:2015-12-22
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