Ocular trauma usually occurs when an object or substance makes contact with the eye. When ocular trauma occurs, it can result in blurry vision, complete loss of vision, pain, and physical disfigurement. Ocular trauma can generally be categorized as blunt, as when a dull object hits the eye, or lacerating, as when a sharp object hits the eye. Blunt trauma is more common and can result from a variety of causes including falls and motor vehicle crashes, including airbag deployment injuries. Lacerating trauma is usually caused by injury with a sharp object like scissors or a variety of workplacerelated injuries. Physical assault is a common cause of both blunt and lacerating trauma. Structures around the eye can also be damaged from blunt trauma. An orbital fracture is when the bones around the eye are broken. This can result in disturbances of eye movement and, if untreated, can result in double vision and a sunken-in appearance to the eye. Retrobulbar hemorrhage refers to bleeding behind the eye. This is a severe type of orbital hemorrhage that can result in irreversible vision loss if the pressure from the hemorrhage is not relieved emergently. An open globe occurs when blunt trauma is so severe that the wall of the eye bursts open or when a sharp object pierces the wall of the eye. Open globe injuries are an ocular emergency and are often associated with blurred vision, pain, swelling around the eye, low eye pressure, and irregularities of the iris. When these types of injuries are suspected, it is important not to touch the eye or foreign body and to avoid straining and applying pressure on the eye. Medical care should be sought emergently and surgical repair should occur within 24 hours to prevent an infection and other permanent complications. A shield or even a plastic cup taped over the eye can be used to protect the eye until a medical consultation can be performed.

中文翻译：

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眼部受伤

当物体或物质与眼睛接触时，通常会发生眼外伤。当发生眼外伤时，会导致视力模糊、视力完全丧失、疼痛和身体毁容。眼外伤通常可以归类为钝器伤（如钝物撞击眼睛时）或撕裂伤（如尖锐物体撞击眼睛时）。钝性创伤更为常见，可能由多种原因引起，包括跌倒和机动车碰撞，包括安全气囊展开损伤。撕裂伤通常是由剪刀等尖锐物体受伤或各种与工作场所相关的伤害引起的。身体攻击是钝器和撕裂伤的常见原因。眼睛周围的结构也可能因钝器外伤而受损。眼眶骨折是指眼睛周围的骨头断裂。这可能会导致眼球运动障碍，如果不及时治疗，可能会导致复视和眼睛凹陷。眼球后出血是指眼后出血。这是一种严重的眼眶出血，如果不紧急缓解出血压力，可能会导致不可逆的视力丧失。当钝性创伤严重到眼壁裂开或尖锐物体刺穿眼壁时，就会出现开放的眼球。开放性眼球损伤是一种眼部急症，通常与视力模糊、疼痛、眼睛周围肿胀、低眼压和虹膜不规则有​​关。当怀疑有这些类型的伤害时，重要的是不要触摸眼睛或异物，并避免用力和对眼睛施加压力。应立即寻求医疗护理，并应在 24 小时内进行手术修复，以防止感染和其他永久性并发症。在可以进行医疗咨询之前，可以使用护罩或什至用胶带贴在眼睛上的塑料杯来保护眼睛。