Biogenous iron oxide (L-BIOX) produced by Leptothrix ochracea aquatic bacteria, which is an amorphous Fe³⁺-based oxide that contains Si⁴⁺ and P⁵⁺ with tube-formed structures, has been studied for practical use as a conversion anode for lithium secondary batteries. L-BIOX has a capacity approximately two times larger than that of graphite. Conductive additives such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Ketjen black (KB), of which the size and surface area are comparable to the primary nanoparticles of L-BIOX, are required to achieve good electrical contacts. Quasi-open circuit voltage (OCV) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements with respect to the discharge reveal that the conversion reaction occurs and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films are formed within the potential plateau area (1.8–1.5 V vs. Li). The water contained in L-BIOX is completely removed by heat-treatment at 400 °C. The elimination of water decreases the first irreversible capacity and improves the cycle performance. Li pre-doping by contact with Li metal realizes 100% coulombic efficiency at the first cycle. A lithium ion cell fabricated with a Li-pre-doped L-BIOX anode and a LiCoO₂ cathode exhibits good cycle performance with high capacity retention.

已经研究了由Leptothrix ochracea水生细菌生产的生物态氧化铁（L -BIOX），它是一种无定形的Fe ³⁺基氧化物，其中包含具有管状结构的Si ⁴⁺和P ⁵⁺，已被实际用作转化阳极。用于锂二次电池。L -BIOX的容量大约是石墨的两倍。导电添加剂，例如碳纳米管（CNT）和科琴黑（KB），其尺寸和表面积可与L的主要纳米颗粒相媲美-BIOX是实现良好电接触所必需的。相对于放电的准开路电压（OCV）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）测量表明，发生了转化反应，并且在电位平台区域（1.8-1.5 V vs.李）L -BIOX中所含的水通过在400°C下进行热处理而完全除去。消除水减少了第一不可逆容量并改善了循环性能。通过与锂金属接触进行锂的预掺杂，在第一个循环中实现了100％的库仑效率。用锂预掺杂的L -BIOX阳极和LiCoO ₂阴极制造的锂离子电池表现出良好的循环性能和高容量保持率。