镍中各向异性磁珀耳帖效应的观察,Nature

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镍中各向异性磁珀耳帖效应的观察
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-21 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0143-x
Ken-ichi Uchida , Shunsuke Daimon , Ryo Iguchi , Eiji Saitoh

珀尔帖效应于 1834 年发现，可将导体中的充电电流转换为热流，其性能由珀尔帖系数描述，该系数定义为产生的热流与施加的充电电流之比 1,2。为了利用珀尔帖效应进行热电冷却或加热，具有不同珀尔帖系数的两个导体的连接被认为是必不可少的。在这里，我们通过在没有结的单一材料中展示珀尔帖冷却和加热来挑战这种传统智慧。这是通过各向异性磁珀尔帖效应实现的，其中珀尔帖系数取决于充电电流方向和铁磁体磁化方向之间的角度。通过使用主动热成像技术3-10，我们在普通镍板中观察到这种效应引起的温度变化。我们发现，可以简单地通过改变充电电流和磁化的配置来重新设计铁磁体的热电特性，例如，通过对铁磁体进行整形，使电流必须围绕曲线流动。我们的实验结果证明了镍对各向异性磁珀耳帖效应的适用性以及自旋轨道相互作用在其机制中的重要性。这里观察到的各向异性磁珀耳帖效应是铁磁材料中缺失的热电现象——之前在铁磁体中观察到的各向异性磁塞贝克效应的昂萨格倒数——它的简单性可能被证明有助于开发电子和自旋电子器件的热管理技术。

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Observation of anisotropic magneto-Peltier effect in nickel

The Peltier effect, discovered in 1834, converts a charge current into a heat current in a conductor, and its performance is described by the Peltier coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the generated heat current to the applied charge current1,2. To exploit the Peltier effect for thermoelectric cooling or heating, junctions of two conductors with different Peltier coefficients have been believed to be indispensable. Here we challenge this conventional wisdom by demonstrating Peltier cooling and heating in a single material without junctions. This is realized through an anisotropic magneto-Peltier effect in which the Peltier coefficient depends on the angle between the directions of a charge current and magnetization in a ferromagnet. By using active thermography techniques3–10, we observe the temperature change induced by this effect in a plain nickel slab. We find that the thermoelectric properties of the ferromagnet can be redesigned simply by changing the configurations of the charge current and magnetization, for instance, by shaping the ferromagnet so that the current must flow around a curve. Our experimental results demonstrate the suitability of nickel for the anisotropic magneto-Peltier effect and the importance of spin–orbit interaction in its mechanism. The anisotropic magneto-Peltier effect observed here is the missing thermoelectric phenomenon in ferromagnetic materials—the Onsager reciprocal of the anisotropic magneto-Seebeck effect previously observed in ferromagnets—and its simplicity might prove useful in developing thermal management technologies for electronic and spintronic devices.A ‘magneto-Peltier effect’ produces cooling or heating in a material without junctions, by forcing a change in angle between the current and magnetization in a single ferromagnetic nickel slab.

更新日期：2018-05-21

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