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Microscopic and Molecular Evidence of the First Elasmobranch Adomavirus, the Cause of Skin Disease in a Giant Guitarfish, Rhynchobatus djiddensis.
mBio ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-15 , DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00185-18
Jennifer A Dill 1 , Alvin C Camus 2 , John H Leary 1 , Terry Fei Fan Ng 2
Affiliation  

Only eight families of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses are known to infect vertebrate animals. During an investigation of papillomatous skin disease in an elasmobranch species, the giant guitarfish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis), a novel virus, distinct from all known viral families in regard to particle size, morphology, genome organization, and helicase phylogeny was discovered. Large inclusion bodies containing 75-nm icosahedral viral particles were present within epithelial cell nuclei in the proliferative skin lesions. Deep metagenomic sequencing revealed a 22-kb circular dsDNA viral genome, tentatively named guitarfish "adomavirus" (GAdoV), with only distant homology to two other fish viruses, Japanese eel endothelial cell-infecting virus (JEECV) and a recently reported marbled eel virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the helicase domain places the guitarfish virus in a novel clade that is equidistant between members of the Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae families. Specific PCR, quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization were used to detect, quantify, and confirm that GAdoV DNA was localized to affected epithelial cell nuclei. Changes in the viral titer, as well as the presence of a hybridization signal, coincided with the progression and then final resolution of gross and microscopic lesions. The results indicate that GAdoV is the causative agent of the proliferative skin lesions.IMPORTANCE Cartilaginous fish, including the sharks and rays, evolved from ancestral fish species at least 400 million years ago. Even though they are the descendants of one of the most ancient vertebrate lineages, reports of viral diseases in these species are rare and poorly documented. Deep sequencing revealed a highly divergent virus, tentatively named guitarfish adomavirus, that is distantly related to known papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses. Out of the eight predicted viral genes, only the helicase could be identified as viral by sequence homology searches (BLAST), exemplifying the difficulties of discovering novel viruses within seas of unidentifiable "dark matter" associated with deep sequencing data. The novel adomavirus represents the first viral genome shown to cause clinical disease in a cartilaginous fish species, the giant guitarfish. Our findings demonstrate that emerging fish viruses are fertile ground to expand our understanding of viral evolution in vertebrates.

中文翻译:

第一种细小分支腺病毒的显微和分子证据,一种巨型吉他鱼Rhynchobatus djiddensis皮肤病的病因。

已知只有八个家族的双链DNA(dsDNA)病毒感染脊椎动物。在对一种弹性分支物种的乳头状皮肤病进行调查的过程中,发现了巨型结他鱼(Rhynchobatus djiddensis),这是一种新型病毒,在颗粒大小,形态,基因组组织和解旋酶系统发育方面均不同于所有已知的病毒家族。在增生性皮肤病灶的上皮细胞核内存在着包含75 nm二十面体病毒颗粒的大包涵体。深度宏基因组测序揭示了一个22 kb环状dsDNA病毒基因组,暂时命名为吉它鱼“腺病毒”(GAdoV),与其他两种鱼病毒,日本鳗鱼内皮细胞感染病毒(JEECV)和最近报道的大理石鳗病毒只有很远的同源性。对解旋酶结构域的系统发生分析将吉他鱼病毒置于一个新的进化枝中,该进化枝在Papillomaviridae和Polyomaviridae家族成员之间是等距的。使用特异性PCR,定量PCR和原位杂交检测,定量并确认GAdoV DNA位于受影响的上皮细胞核中。病毒滴度的变化以及杂交信号的存在,与肉眼和显微镜下病变的进展以及最终的消退相吻合。结果表明,GAdoV是增生性皮肤损伤的病因。重要事项包括鲨鱼和rays鱼在内的软骨鱼类至少是在4亿年前从祖先鱼类进化而来的。即使它们是最古老的脊椎动物世系之一的后代,这些物种中的病毒性疾病报道很少,文献记载也很少。深度测序揭示了一种高度趋异的病毒,暂时命名为吉它鱼Adomavirus,与已知的乳头瘤病毒和多瘤病毒密切相关。在八个预测的病毒基因中,只有解旋酶可以通过序列同源性搜索(BLAST)识别为病毒,这说明了在与深层测序数据相关的无法识别的“暗物质”海洋中发现新型病毒的困难。这种新型的腺病毒代表了第一个病毒基因组,该基因组显示出在软骨鱼类(巨型吉他鱼)中引起临床疾病。我们的发现表明,新兴的鱼类病毒是肥沃的土壤,可以扩大我们对脊椎动物病毒进化的了解。深度测序揭示了一种高度趋异的病毒,暂时命名为吉它鱼Adomavirus,与已知的乳头瘤病毒和多瘤病毒密切相关。在八个预测的病毒基因中,只有解旋酶可以通过序列同源性搜索(BLAST)识别为病毒,这说明了在与深层测序数据相关的无法识别的“暗物质”海洋中发现新型病毒的困难。这种新型的腺病毒代表了第一个病毒基因组,该基因组显示出在软骨鱼类(巨型吉他鱼)中引起临床疾病。我们的发现表明,新兴的鱼类病毒是肥沃的土壤,可以扩大我们对脊椎动物病毒进化的了解。深度测序揭示了一种高度趋异的病毒,暂时命名为吉它鱼Adomavirus,与已知的乳头瘤病毒和多瘤病毒密切相关。在八个预测的病毒基因中,只有解旋酶可以通过序列同源性搜索(BLAST)识别为病毒,这说明了在与深层测序数据相关的无法识别的“暗物质”海洋中发现新型病毒的困难。这种新型的腺病毒代表了第一个病毒基因组,该基因组显示出在软骨鱼类(巨型吉他鱼)中引起临床疾病。我们的发现表明,新兴的鱼类病毒是肥沃的土壤,可以扩大我们对脊椎动物病毒进化的了解。在八个预测的病毒基因中,只有解旋酶可以通过序列同源性搜索(BLAST)识别为病毒,这说明了在与深层测序数据相关的无法识别的“暗物质”海洋中发现新型病毒的困难。这种新型的腺病毒代表了第一个病毒基因组,该基因组显示出在软骨鱼类(巨型吉他鱼)中引起临床疾病。我们的发现表明,新兴的鱼类病毒是肥沃的土壤,可以扩大我们对脊椎动物病毒进化的了解。在八个预测的病毒基因中,只有解旋酶可以通过序列同源性搜索(BLAST)识别为病毒,这说明了在与深层测序数据相关的无法识别的“暗物质”海洋中发现新型病毒的困难。这种新型的腺病毒代表了第一个病毒基因组,该基因组显示出在软骨鱼类(巨型吉他鱼)中引起临床疾病。我们的发现表明,新兴的鱼类病毒是肥沃的土壤,可以扩大我们对脊椎动物病毒进化的了解。这种新型的腺病毒代表了第一个病毒基因组,该基因组显示出在软骨鱼类(巨型吉他鱼)中引起临床疾病。我们的发现表明,新兴的鱼类病毒是肥沃的土壤,可以扩大我们对脊椎动物病毒进化的了解。这种新型的腺病毒代表了第一个病毒基因组,该基因组显示出在软骨鱼类(巨型吉他鱼)中引起临床疾病。我们的发现表明,新兴的鱼类病毒是肥沃的土壤,可以扩大我们对脊椎动物病毒进化的了解。
更新日期:2018-05-22
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