2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a signaling lipid in the central nervous system that is a key regulator of neurotransmitter release. 2-AG is an endocannabinoid that activates the cannabinoid CB₁ receptor. It is involved in a wide array of (patho)physiological functions, such as emotion, cognition, energy balance, pain sensation and neuroinflammation. In this review, we describe the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of 2-AG and how chemical and genetic perturbation of these pathways has led to insight in the biological role of this signaling lipid. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of modulating 2-AG levels in the brain.

2-花生四烯酰基甘油（2-AG）是中枢神经系统中的一种信号脂质，是神经递质释放的关键调节剂。2-AG是激活大麻素CB ₁受体的内源性大麻素。它涉及各种各样的（病理）生理功能，例如情绪，认知，能量平衡，疼痛感和神经炎症。在这篇综述中，我们描述了2-AG的生物合成和代谢途径，以及这些途径的化学和遗传扰动如何导致这种信号脂质的生物学作用的见解。最后，我们讨论了调节大脑中2-AG水平的潜在治疗益处。