We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and \(90\%\) credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5–\(20~\mathrm {deg}^2\) requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of \(\sim 2\) of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.

我们提出了 Advanced LIGO、Advanced Virgo 和 KAGRA 引力波探测器在未来十年可能的观测场景，旨在为天文学界提供信息，以促进利用引力波进行多信使天文学的规划。我们估计网络对瞬态引力波信号的敏感性，并研究网络确定源的天空位置的能力。我们报告了引力波瞬变的发现，特别关注来自双中子星系统吸气的引力波信号，这是多信使天文学最有希望的目标。定位检测到的信号源的能力取决于检测器的地理分布及其相对灵敏度，当只有两个敏感检测器运行时， “90%”的可信区域可以大到数千平方度。确定 5– \(20~\mathrm {deg}^2\)区域中大部分检测到的信号的天空位置需要至少三个探测器，其灵敏度彼此在\(\sim 2\)范围内并具有较宽的频率带宽。当包括 KAGRA 和印度第三个 LIGO 探测器在内的所有探测器达到设计灵敏度时，仅通过引力波观测，很大一部分引力波信号将被定位在几平方度内。