透过树苗看树林：利用木材密度评估人类改造的亚马逊森林的恢复,Journal of Ecology

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透过树苗看树林：利用木材密度评估人类改造的亚马逊森林的恢复
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-04-30 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12991
Erika Berenguer _{1,

2} , Toby Alan Gardner _{3,

4} , Joice Ferreira ₅ , Luiz E. O. C. Aragão _{6,

7} , Ralph Mac Nally _{8,

9} , James R. Thomson ₈ , Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira ₁₀ , Jos Barlow _{2,

10}

Affiliation

世界上大多数剩余的热带森林都受到选择性伐木，林下火灾，破碎或在先前砍伐森林的地区重新生长的影响。尽管这些人为改造的森林无处不在，但我们对它们恢复与生态系统过程和随之而来的服务相关的关键性状的潜力的了解有限。
在这里，我们提供了来自Amazon东部121处未受干扰和受干扰的原始森林以及次生森林的31,095棵树和树苗的数据。我们研究了重要植物功能性状-木材密度的干扰后恢复轨迹。我们测试了人类改良的亚马逊森林是否正在快速或缓慢甚至受阻于该性状的恢复，这与提供基本的生态系统服务（碳储存）有关。
不出所料，我们发现受干扰的原始森林和次要森林中树木和幼树的地块级木材密度显着低于未受干扰的森林。但是，在受干扰的原始森林和次生森林之间，幼树的平均木材密度没有显着差异，这可能表明了二次化的过程。我们还发现有证据表明，由于边缘效应（在受干扰的原始森林的情况下）和高藤本植物密度（在受干扰的原始森林和次生森林的情况下），人类改良森林中木材密度的恢复正受到严重破坏。出乎意料的是，这两个因素是木材密度恢复的重要指标，而不是自干扰事件以来经过的时间。
综合。经过人工改造的亚马逊森林中的植物群落似乎并未恢复关键的功能特性-木材密度，这反过来可能会影响其未来的碳储存能力。如果热带森林保护计划的目的是维持现有的生态系统功能，过程和服务的比率，那么他们必须集中精力避免在目前未受干扰的森林地区造成人为干扰。防止人为改造森林的进一步干扰，以免破坏森林的恢复也至关重要。

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Seeing the woods through the saplings: Using wood density to assess the recovery of human‐modified Amazonian forests

Most of the world's remaining tropical forests have been affected by either selective logging, understorey fires, fragmentation or are regrowing in areas that were previously deforested. Despite the ubiquity of these human‐modified forests, we have a limited knowledge of their potential to recover key traits linked to ecosystem processes and consequent services.
Here we present data from 31,095 trees and saplings distributed across 121 plots of undisturbed and disturbed primary forests as well as secondary forests in the eastern Amazon. We examined the post‐disturbance recovery trajectory of an important plant functional trait, wood density. We tested whether human‐modified Amazonian forests are experiencing a rapid or a slow, or even impeded, recovery of this trait, which is associated with the provision of a fundamental ecosystem service—carbon storage.
As expected, we found that the plot‐level wood density of trees and saplings in disturbed primary and secondary forests was significantly lower than in undisturbed forests. However, there was no significant difference in the average wood density of saplings between disturbed primary and secondary forests, possibly indicating a process of secondarization. We also found evidence that the recovery of wood density in human‐modified forests is being severely disrupted due to edge effects (in the case of disturbed primary forests) and high liana densities (in the case of both disturbed primary and secondary forests). Surprisingly, these two factors were more important predictors of wood density recovery than the time elapsed since the disturbance event.
Synthesis. Plant communities in human‐modified Amazonian forests appear to not be recovering a key functional property—wood density, which in turn may affect their ability to store carbon in the future. If the aim of conservation programs in tropical forests is to maintain existing rates of ecosystem functions, processes and services, then they must concentrate efforts on avoiding anthropogenic disturbance in areas of currently undisturbed forests. It is also vital to prevent further disturbance in human‐modified forests to avoid disrupting even more their recovery.

更新日期：2018-04-30

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