<i>果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）</i>是食品和营养研究中的多功能示范生物,Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

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果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）是食品和营养研究中的多功能示范生物
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-04-05 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05900
Stefanie Staats ₁ , Kai Lüersen ₁ , Anika E. Wagner ₂ , Gerald Rimbach ₁

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果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）已在生物科学中广泛用作模型生物。果蝇的寿命相对较短，为60-80天，这使其对寿命研究具有吸引力。此外，大约60％的果蝇基因是哺乳动物的直系同源物。因此，代谢和信号转导途径是高度保守的。果蝇的维护和繁殖不需要复杂的设备，而且价格便宜。此外，与在实验室啮齿动物（例如大鼠和小鼠）中进行的研究相比，实验性果蝇研究中涉及的伦理问题更少。果蝇在食品和营养研究中越来越被认为是一种模式生物。果蝇通常以基于酵母，玉米和琼脂的复杂固体饮食为食。还存在所谓的整体饮食，其根据其氨基酸，脂肪酸，碳水化合物，维生素，矿物质和微量元素组成来定义。果蝇可根据饮食因素系统地确定饲料摄入量，身体成分，运动能力，肠屏障功能，微生物群，认知力，生育力，衰老和寿命。此外，可以在确定的实验条件下实时评估饮食引起的包括炎症和应激反应在内的病理生理机制。在这里，我们严格评估果蝇作为实验性食品和营养研究中的通用模型有机体，请查阅文献中的相应数据，并对未来的研究方向提出建议。

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Drosophila melanogaster as a Versatile Model Organism in Food and Nutrition Research

Drosophila melanogaster has been widely used in the biological sciences as a model organism. Drosophila has a relatively short life span of 60–80 days, which makes it attractive for life span studies. Moreover, approximately 60% of the fruit fly genes are orthologs to mammals. Thus, metabolic and signal transduction pathways are highly conserved. Maintenance and reproduction of Drosophila do not require sophisticated equipment and are rather cheap. Furthermore, there are fewer ethical issues involved in experimental Drosophila research compared with studies in laboratory rodents, such as rats and mice. Drosophila is increasingly recognized as a model organism in food and nutrition research. Drosophila is often fed complex solid diets based on yeast, corn, and agar. There are also so-called holidic diets available that are defined in terms of their amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, and trace element compositions. Feed intake, body composition, locomotor activity, intestinal barrier function, microbiota, cognition, fertility, aging, and life span can be systematically determined in Drosophila in response to dietary factors. Furthermore, diet-induced pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation and stress responses may be evaluated in the fly under defined experimental conditions. Here, we critically evaluate Drosophila melanogaster as a versatile model organism in experimental food and nutrition research, review the corresponding data in the literature, and make suggestions for future directions of research.

更新日期：2018-04-05

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