Hydrogen generation via photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology is one of the most ideal strategies for providing sustainable fuel, in particular, from abundant natural resource (such as seawater). Herein, we demonstrate facet-controlled WO₃ array decorated with reasonable distribution of dual-cocatalysts, which shows highly efficient and stable PEC H₂ generation from natural seawater. The experimental and theoretical results illustrate that photo-generated electrons and holes accumulate directionally on different crystal facets of WO₃ to achieve effective spatial separation, owing to the divergent energy levels of each crystal facet. Moreover, the charge utilization is further enhanced by selective modification of Ag nanoparticles and ZnFe-layered double hydroxide on different crystal facets reasonably, getting an average PEC H₂ production of 38.18 μmol h⁻¹ from natural seawater with excellent stability. This work opens up a new facet engineering pathway for the fabrication of novel photoelectrodes, which have potential applications in the fields of solar energy conversion and storage.

通过光电化学（PEC）技术生产氢是最理想的策略之一，特别是从丰富的自然资源（例如海水）中提供可持续燃料。在本文中，我们演示了以面状控制的WO ₃阵列，该阵列装饰有合理分布的双助催化剂，显示出从天然海水中产生的高效且稳定的PEC H ₂。实验和理论结果表明，光生电子和空穴在WO _3的不同晶面上定向积累由于每个晶面的能量水平不同，因此可以实现有效的空间分离。此外，通过合理地在不同晶面上选择性修饰Ag纳米颗粒和ZnFe层状双氢氧化物，进一步提高了电荷利用率，从天然海水中获得的PEC H ₂平均产量为38.18μmolh ^-1，具有出色的稳定性。这项工作为新型光电极的制造开辟了一条新的方面工程途径，这些光电极在太阳能转换和存储领域具有潜在的应用。