Quantum computing experiments are moving into a new realm of increasing size and complexity, with the short-term goal of demonstrating an advantage over classical computers. Boson sampling is a promising platform for such a goal; however, the number of detected single photons is up to five so far, limiting these small-scale implementations to a proof-of-principle stage. Here, we develop solid-state sources of highly efficient, pure, and indistinguishable single photons and 3D integration of ultralow-loss optical circuits. We perform experiments with 20 pure single photons fed into a 60-mode interferometer. In the output, we detect up to 14 photons and sample over Hilbert spaces with a size up to 3.7×10^{14}, over 10 orders of magnitude larger than all previous experiments, which for the first time enters into a genuine sampling regime where it becomes impossible to exhaust all possible output combinations. The results are validated against distinguishable samplers and uniform samplers with a confidence level of 99.9%.

中文翻译：

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在10 ^ {14}维希尔伯特空间中的20个输入光子和60模式干涉仪的玻色子采样。

量子计算实验正在进入一个越来越大的规模和复杂性的新领域，其短期目标是证明它比传统计算机更具优势。玻色子采样是实现这一目标的有希望的平台。但是，到目前为止，检测到的单个光子的数量最多为五个，从而将这些小规模实现限制在原理证明阶段。在这里，我们开发了高效，纯净且难以区分的单光子和超低损耗光学电路的3D集成的固态光源。我们使用馈入60模式干涉仪的20个纯单光子进行实验。在输出中，我们检测到多达14个光子，并在希尔伯特空间上采样，尺寸最大为3.7×10 ^ {14}，比所有先前的实验大10个数量级，这是第一次进入真正的抽样制度，在此制度下，不可能用尽所有可能的输出组合。针对可区分的采样器和统一采样器验证了结果，置信度为99.9％。