拉丁美洲砷暴露对健康的影响：过去八年研究概述。,Science of the Total Environment

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拉丁美洲砷暴露对健康的影响：过去八年研究概述。
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136071
Khalid M Khan ₁ , Rishika Chakraborty ₁ , Jochen Bundschuh ₂ , Prosun Bhattacharya ₃ , Faruque Parvez ₄

Affiliation

过去八年在拉丁美洲 (LA) 进行的研究不断产生有关饮用水中砷 (As) 健康影响的新知识。我们对 2011 年至 2018 年间发表的 92 篇同行评审英文文章进行了系统回顾，以扩大我们对这些健康影响的理解。大多数关于砷的洛杉矶研究是在智利和墨西哥进行的。阿根廷、玻利维亚、巴西、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔和乌拉圭的砷暴露人群还提供了更多数据。本综述记录了砷暴露的生物标志物、遗传易感性和遗传毒性以及风险评估的最新数据，以进一步描述健康影响和暴露人群的特征。最近关于 As 与膀胱癌和肺癌、生殖结果和认知能力下降之间关系的一些研究结果与我们在之前的系统综述文章中报道的结果一致。我们发现了非常令人信服的证据，表明子宫内砷暴露是多种健康结果的一个重要危险因素，特别是对于膀胱癌，即使是中等水平。关于 As 与乳腺癌、喉癌以及 2 型糖尿病之间关系的新数据已经出现。我们观察到生命早期的砷暴露与儿童的肾损伤、颈动脉内膜中层厚度和各种肺部结局有关。还报告了其他儿童期影响，如低出生体重、低胎龄、贫血、细胞凋亡增加和认知功能下降。研究发现砷甲基转移酶的遗传变异可以决定砷相关健康结果的易感性。砷诱导的 DNA 损伤以及基因和蛋白质表达的改变也有报道。虽然研究范围仍然很大，但在洛杉矶针对砷暴露及其健康影响所做的大量工作将有助于指导进一步的大规模研究，以获得更全面的知识并规划适当的缓解策略。

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Health effects of arsenic exposure in Latin America: An overview of the past eight years of research.

Studies conducted over the past eight years in Latin America (LA) have continued to produce new knowledge regarding health impacts of arsenic (As) in drinking water. We conducted a systematic review of 92 peer-reviewed English articles published between 2011 and 2018 to expand our understanding on these health effects. Majority of the LA studies on As have been conducted in Chile and Mexico. Additional data have emerged from As-exposed populations in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Uruguay. The present review has documented recent data on the biomarkers of As exposure, genetic susceptibility and genotoxicity, and risk assessment to further characterize the health effects and exposed populations. Some recent findings on the associations of As with bladder and lung cancers, reproductive outcomes, and declined cognitive performance have been consistent with what we reported in our previous systematic review article. We have found highly convincing evidence of in utero As exposure as a significant risk factor for several health outcomes, particularly for bladder cancer, even at moderate level. New data have emerged regarding the associations of As with breast and laryngeal cancers as well as type 2 diabetes. We observed early life As exposure to be associated with kidney injury, carotid intima-media thickness, and various pulmonary outcomes in children. Other childhood effects such as low birth weight, low gestational age, anemia, increased apoptosis, and decreased cognitive functions were also reported. Studies identified genetic variants of As methyltransferase that could determine susceptibility to As related health outcomes. Arsenic-induced DNA damage and alteration of gene and protein expression have also been reported. While the scope of research is still vast, the substantial work done on As exposure and its health effects in LA will help direct further large-scale studies for more comprehensive knowledge and plan appropriate mitigation strategies.

更新日期：2019-12-13

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