Pathogen-derived nucleic acids are crucial signals for innate immunity. Despite the structural similarity between those and host nucleic acids, mammalian cells have been able to evolve powerful innate immune signaling pathways that originate from the detection of cytosolic nucleic acid species, one of the most prominent being the cGAS-STING pathway for DNA and the RLR-MAVS pathway for RNA, respectively. Recent advances have revealed a plethora of regulatory mechanisms that are crucial for balancing the activity of nucleic acid sensors for the maintenance of overall cellular homeostasis. Elucidation of the various mechanisms that enable cells to maintain control over the activity of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors has provided new insight into the pathology of human diseases and, at the same time, offers a rich and largely unexplored source for new therapeutic targets. This Review addresses the emerging literature on regulation of the sensing of cytosolic DNA and RNA via cGAS and RLRs.

中文翻译：

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调节 cGAS 和 RLR 介导的核酸免疫。

病原体衍生的核酸是先天免疫的关键信号。尽管这些核酸与宿主核酸在结构上相似，但哺乳动物细胞已经能够进化出强大的先天免疫信号通路，这些信号通路起源于细胞溶质核酸种类的检测，其中最突出的一种是 DNA 和 RLR 的 cGAS-STING 通路-RNA的MAVS途径，分别。最近的进展揭示了过多的调节机制，这些调节机制对于平衡核酸传感器的活性以维持整体细胞稳态至关重要。阐明使细胞能够保持对细胞溶质核酸传感器活性的控制的各种机制，为人类疾病的病理学提供了新的见解，同时，为新的治疗靶点提供了丰富且很大程度上尚未开发的来源。本综述探讨了有关通过 cGAS 和 RLR 调节胞质 DNA 和 RNA 感知的新兴文献。