Photovoltaic solar cells based on metal-halide perovskites have gained considerable attention over the past decade because of their potentially low production cost, earth-abundant raw materials, ease of fabrication and ever-increasing power-conversion efficiencies of up to 25.2%. This type of solar cells offers the promise of generating electricity at a more competitive unit price than traditional fossil fuels by 2035. Nevertheless, the best research-cell efficiencies are still below the theoretical limit defined by the Shockley–Queisser theory, owing to the presence of non-radiative recombination losses. In this Review, we analyse the predominant pathways that contribute to non-radiative recombination losses in perovskite solar cells and evaluate their impact on device performance. We then discuss how non-radiative recombination losses can be estimated through reliable characterization techniques and highlight some notable advances in mitigating these losses, which hint at pathways towards defect-free perovskite solar cells. Finally, we outline directions for future work that will push the efficiency of perovskite solar cells towards the radiative limit.

在过去的十年中，基于金属卤化物钙钛矿的光伏太阳能电池因其潜在的低生产成本，丰富的地球原料，易于制造以及不断提高的功率转换效率（高达25.2％）而备受关注。这种类型的太阳能电池有望在2035年之前以比传统化石燃料更具竞争力的单价发电。尽管如此，由于存在，最佳的研究电池效率仍低于Shockley-Queisser理论所定义的理论极限。非辐射重组损失。在这篇综述中，我们分析了钙钛矿型太阳能电池中导致非辐射重组损失的主要途径，并评估了它们对器件性能的影响。然后，我们讨论了如何通过可靠的表征技术估算非辐射重组损失，并重点介绍了减轻这些损失的一些显着进展，这些进展暗示了通往无缺陷钙钛矿太阳能电池的途径。最后，我们概述了将钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率提高到辐射极限的未来工作方向。