Zirconium (Zr) modified CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃ (CZA) catalysts with different aluminum (Al) and Zr contents were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The synthesized CuO/ZnO/ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ (CZZA) catalysts were comprehensively characterized and studied for methanol synthesis via CO₂ hydrogenation. The CZZA catalyst showed the highest methanol yield of 12.4 % at 220 °C and 2.76 MPa with an optimized catalyst composition of Cu/Zn/Zr/Al (atomic ratio) at 4:2:1:0.5. The CZZA catalyst showed better activity than that of the CZA catalyst and a superior stability for methanol synthesis. There was no decrease in the BET surface area and very little coke formation for the spent CZZA catalyst, after 300 h of methanol synthesis. Bifunctional catalysts, composed of CZZA and HZSM-5, were investigated for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis directly from CO₂ hydrogenation, and a maximum DME yield of 18.3 % was obtained at a reaction temperature of 240 °C and a pressure of 2.76 MPa. The stability of the bifunctional CZZA and HZSM-5 catalyst during the DME synthesis also significantly improved, as compared to that of the CZA and HZSM-5. A significant decrease in the BET surface area and an increase in coking on the spent CZZA catalyst were observed after 100 h of DME synthesis, indicating a detrimental effect on CZZA stability when a HZSM-5 catalyst was present. The changes in structural properties (e.g., BET surface area and crystallinity) and coking for HZSM-5 could be responsible for the deactivation of the bifunctional catalyst.

采用共沉淀法合成了具有不同铝（Al）含量和锆含量的锆（Zr）改性CuO / ZnO / Al ₂ O ₃（CZA）催化剂。对合成的CuO / ZnO / ZrO ₂ / Al ₂ O ₃（CZZA）催化剂进行了全面表征，并研究了CO ₂合成甲醇的工艺。氢化。CZZA催化剂在220°C和2.76 MPa的条件下显示出最高的甲醇收率12.4％，且Cu / Zn / Zr / Al（原子比）的优化催化剂组成为4：2：1：0.5。CZZA催化剂显示出比CZA催化剂更好的活性，并且对于甲醇合成具有出色的稳定性。甲醇合成300小时后，用过的CZZA催化剂的BET表面积没有减少，只有很少的焦炭形成。研究了由CZZA和HZSM-5组成的双功能催化剂，用于直接从CO ₂合成二甲醚（DME）。在240℃的反应温度和2.76MPa的压力下获得最大的DME收率18.3％。与CZA和HZSM-5相比，双功能CZZA和HZSM-5催化剂在DME合成过程中的稳定性也得到了显着提高。在DME合成100小时后，观察到BET表面积的显着减少和用过的CZZA催化剂的焦化增加，表明当存在HZSM-5催化剂时，对CZZA稳定性的有害影响。HZSM-5的结构性质（例如BET表面积和结晶度）的变化和焦化的变化可能是导致双功能催化剂失活的原因。