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An mTORC1-to-CDK1 Switch Maintains Autophagy Suppression during Mitosis.
Molecular Cell ( IF 14.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.10.016 Richard I Odle 1 , Simon A Walker 2 , David Oxley 3 , Andrew M Kidger 1 , Kathryn Balmanno 1 , Rebecca Gilley 1 , Hanneke Okkenhaug 2 , Oliver Florey 1 , Nicholas T Ktistakis 1 , Simon J Cook 1
Molecular Cell ( IF 14.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.10.016 Richard I Odle 1 , Simon A Walker 2 , David Oxley 3 , Andrew M Kidger 1 , Kathryn Balmanno 1 , Rebecca Gilley 1 , Hanneke Okkenhaug 2 , Oliver Florey 1 , Nicholas T Ktistakis 1 , Simon J Cook 1
Affiliation
Since nuclear envelope breakdown occurs during mitosis in metazoan cells, it has been proposed that macroautophagy must be inhibited to maintain genome integrity. However, repression of macroautophagy during mitosis remains controversial and mechanistic detail limited to the suggestion that CDK1 phosphorylates VPS34. Here, we show that initiation of macroautophagy, measured by the translocation of the ULK complex to autophagic puncta, is repressed during mitosis, even when mTORC1 is inhibited. Indeed, mTORC1 is inactive during mitosis, reflecting its failure to localize to lysosomes due to CDK1-dependent RAPTOR phosphorylation. While mTORC1 normally represses autophagy via phosphorylation of ULK1, ATG13, ATG14, and TFEB, we show that the mitotic phosphorylation of these autophagy regulators, including at known repressive sites, is dependent on CDK1 but independent of mTOR. Thus, CDK1 substitutes for inhibited mTORC1 as the master regulator of macroautophagy during mitosis, uncoupling autophagy regulation from nutrient status to ensure repression of macroautophagy during mitosis.
中文翻译:
mTORC1-to-CDK1 开关在有丝分裂期间维持自噬抑制。
由于后生动物细胞有丝分裂期间发生核膜破裂,因此有人提出必须抑制巨自噬以维持基因组完整性。然而,有丝分裂期间巨自噬的抑制仍然存在争议,并且机制细节仅限于 CDK1 磷酸化 VPS34 的建议。在这里,我们发现,即使 mTORC1 被抑制,巨自噬的启动(通过 ULK 复合物易位至自噬点来测量)在有丝分裂过程中也会受到抑制。事实上,mTORC1 在有丝分裂过程中不活跃,反映出由于 CDK1 依赖性 RAPTOR 磷酸化,它无法定位到溶酶体。虽然 mTORC1 通常通过 ULK1、ATG13、ATG14 和 TFEB 的磷酸化来抑制自噬,但我们发现这些自噬调节因子的有丝分裂磷酸化(包括已知的抑制位点)依赖于 CDK1,但与 mTOR 无关。因此,CDK1 取代受抑制的 mTORC1,作为有丝分裂期间巨自噬的主要调节因子,将自噬调节与营养状态解耦,以确保有丝分裂期间巨自噬的抑制。
更新日期:2019-11-13
中文翻译:
mTORC1-to-CDK1 开关在有丝分裂期间维持自噬抑制。
由于后生动物细胞有丝分裂期间发生核膜破裂,因此有人提出必须抑制巨自噬以维持基因组完整性。然而,有丝分裂期间巨自噬的抑制仍然存在争议,并且机制细节仅限于 CDK1 磷酸化 VPS34 的建议。在这里,我们发现,即使 mTORC1 被抑制,巨自噬的启动(通过 ULK 复合物易位至自噬点来测量)在有丝分裂过程中也会受到抑制。事实上,mTORC1 在有丝分裂过程中不活跃,反映出由于 CDK1 依赖性 RAPTOR 磷酸化,它无法定位到溶酶体。虽然 mTORC1 通常通过 ULK1、ATG13、ATG14 和 TFEB 的磷酸化来抑制自噬,但我们发现这些自噬调节因子的有丝分裂磷酸化(包括已知的抑制位点)依赖于 CDK1,但与 mTOR 无关。因此,CDK1 取代受抑制的 mTORC1,作为有丝分裂期间巨自噬的主要调节因子,将自噬调节与营养状态解耦,以确保有丝分裂期间巨自噬的抑制。