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The browning and re-browning of lakes: Divergent lake-water organic carbon trends linked to acid deposition and climate change.
Scientific Reports ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52912-0
Carsten Meyer-Jacob 1, 2 , Neal Michelutti 1 , Andrew M Paterson 3 , Brian F Cumming 1 , Wendel Bill Keller 4 , John P Smol 1
Affiliation  

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and water colour are increasing in many inland waters across northern Europe and northeastern North America. This inland-water "browning" has profound physical, chemical and biological repercussions for aquatic ecosystems affecting water quality, biological community structures and aquatic productivity. Potential drivers of this "browning" trend are complex and include reductions in atmospheric acid deposition, changes in land use/cover, increased nitrogen deposition and climate change. However, because of the overlapping impacts of these stressors, their relative contributions to DOC dynamics remain unclear, and without appropriate long-term monitoring data, it has not been possible to determine whether the ongoing "browning" is unprecedented or simply a "re-browning" to pre-industrial DOC levels. Here, we demonstrate the long-term impacts of acid deposition and climate change on lake-water DOC concentrations in low and high acid-deposition areas using infrared spectroscopic techniques on ~200-year-long lake-sediment records from central Canada. We show that acid deposition suppressed naturally higher DOC concentrations during the 20th century, but that a "re-browning" of lakes is now occurring with emissions reductions in formerly high deposition areas. In contrast, in low deposition areas, climate change is forcing lakes towards new ecological states, as lake-water DOC concentrations now often exceed pre-industrial levels.

中文翻译:

湖泊的褐变和再褐化:与酸沉降和气候变化有关的不同湖水有机碳趋势。

在整个北欧和北美东北部的许多内陆水域中,溶解有机碳(DOC)的浓度和水色正在增加。内陆水域“褐变”对影响水质,生物群落结构和水生生产力的水生生态系统具有深远的物理,化学和生物影响。这种“褐变”趋势的潜在驱动因素很复杂,包括减少大气酸沉降,改变土地利用/覆盖面积,增加氮沉降和气候变化。但是,由于这些压力源的重叠影响,它们对DOC动态的相对贡献仍然不清楚,并且如果没有适当的长期监测数据,就无法确定正在进行的“褐变”是史无前例的还是仅仅是“褐变”?我们利用来自加拿大中部约200年之久的湖泊沉积记录的红外光谱技术,证明了酸沉降和气候变化对低酸沉积区和高酸沉积区中湖水DOC浓度的长期影响。我们表明,在20世纪,酸沉降自然抑制了较高的DOC浓度,但是随着原先高沉积区域的排放量减少,现在正在发生湖泊的“重新褐变”。相反,在沉积不足的地区,气候变化迫使湖泊进入新的生态状态,因为湖泊水中的DOC浓度现在经常超过工业化前的水平。我们利用来自加拿大中部约200年之久的湖泊沉积记录的红外光谱技术,证明了酸沉降和气候变化对低酸沉积区和高酸沉积区中湖水DOC浓度的长期影响。我们表明,在20世纪,酸沉降自然抑制了较高的DOC浓度,但是随着原先高沉积区域的排放量减少,现在正在发生湖泊的“重新褐变”。相反,在沉积不足的地区,气候变化迫使湖泊进入新的生态状态,因为湖泊水中的DOC浓度现在经常超过工业化前的水平。我们表明,在20世纪,酸沉降自然抑制了较高的DOC浓度,但是随着原先高沉积区域的排放量减少,现在正在发生湖泊的“重新褐变”。相反,在低沉积地区,气候变化迫使湖泊进入新的生态状态,因为现在湖泊水中的DOC浓度经常超过工业化前的水平。我们表明,在20世纪,酸沉降自然抑制了较高的DOC浓度,但是随着原先高沉积区域的排放量减少,现在正在发生湖泊的“重新褐变”。相反,在沉积不足的地区,气候变化迫使湖泊进入新的生态状态,因为湖泊水中的DOC浓度现在经常超过工业化前的水平。
更新日期:2019-11-13
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