Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving the destruction of both soft and hard tissue in the periodontal region. Although dysbiosis of the local microbial community initiates local inflammation, over-activation of the host immune response directly activates osteoclastic activity and alveolar bone loss. Many studies have reported on the cytokine network involved in periodontitis and its crucial and pleiotropic effect on the recruitment of specific immunocytes, control of pathobionts and induction or suppression of osteoclastic activity. Nonetheless, particularities in the stimulation of pathogens in the oral cavity that lead to the specific and complex periodontal cytokine network are far from clarified. Thus, in this review, we begin with an up-to-date aetiological hypothesis of periodontal disease and summarize the roles of cytokines in the host immune response. In addition, we also summarize the latest cytokine-related therapeutic measures for periodontal disease.

牙周炎是一种涉及牙周区域软组织和硬组织破坏的炎症性疾病。虽然局部微生物群落的失调会引发局部炎症，但宿主免疫反应的过度激活会直接激活破骨细胞活性和牙槽骨丢失。许多研究报道了牙周炎中涉及的细胞因子网络及其对特异性免疫细胞的募集、病原体控制以及破骨细胞活性的诱导或抑制的关键和多效性作用。尽管如此，口腔中病原体刺激导致特定且复杂的牙周细胞因子网络的特殊性尚不清楚。因此，在这篇综述中，我们从牙周病的最新病因学假设开始，并总结了细胞因子在宿主免疫反应中的作用。此外，我们还总结了牙周病最新的细胞因子相关治疗措施。