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A family affair: resistance mechanism and alternative control of three Amaranthus species resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in Italy.
Pest Management Science ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-27 , DOI: 10.1002/ps.5667 Andrea Milani 1 , Laura Scarabel 2 , Maurizio Sattin 2
Pest Management Science ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-27 , DOI: 10.1002/ps.5667 Andrea Milani 1 , Laura Scarabel 2 , Maurizio Sattin 2
Affiliation
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BACKGROUND
Several soybean fields in Italy were found to be infested by multiple species of Amaranthus spp. not adequately controlled by acetolactate (ALS) inhibitor herbicides. The objectives of this research were (i) to create a simplified botanical key to identify weedy amaranths; (ii) to determine the number and type of sites of action the accession are resistant to, i.e. resistance pattern; and (iii) to determine the main resistance mechanisms involved d) to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides with different site of action.
RESULTS
An easy-to-use botanical key was devised and successfully used in the infested sites and results were confirmed through a species-specific molecular marker. Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redrood pigweed) was found in three sites; plants with Asp376 Glu substitution at the ALS gene were resistant to thifensulfuron-methyl. Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D.Sauer (waterhemp) and Amaranthus hybridus L. (smooth pigweed) accessions were cross-resistant to thifensulfuron-methyl and imazamox; most ALS-resistant plants had a point mutation at position 574. One A. hybridus accession had the substitution Trp574 Met, new for Amaranthus genus. All ALS-resistant accessions were controlled by glyphosate and metribuzin. A. retroflexus accessions were controlled by bentazon, instead an A. hybridus and some A. tuberculatus accession were not.
CONCLUSIONS
The simplified botanical key proposed herein could be a useful tool for farmers and weed scientists to reliably identify Amaranthus species in the field. The main resistance mechanism in the three Amaranthus species is target-site mediated. This is the first evidence of ALS-resistant A. tuberculatus outside its native North American range. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
中文翻译：
家族事务：意大利三种抗乙酰乳酸合酶抑制剂的A菜属的抗性机制和替代控制。
背景技术在意大利的几个大豆田中发现了多种multiple菜属物种。乙酰乳酸（ALS）抑制剂除草剂未充分控制。这项研究的目的是：（i）创建一个简化的植物钥匙以识别杂草mar菜；（ii）确定该种抗性的作用位点的数量和类型，即抗性模式；（iii）确定涉及的主要抗性机制d）评估具有不同作用部位的除草剂的功效。结果设计了一种易于使用的植物钥匙，并成功地将其用于受感染的地点，并通过一种物种特异性的分子标记物证实了其结果。在三个地点发现了mar菜。在ALS基因上具有Asp376 Glu取代的植物对噻吩磺隆甲基具有抗性。Amaranthus tuberculatus（Moq。）JDSauer（waterhemp）和Amaranthus hybridus L.（Smooth piedweed）品种对噻吩磺隆和咪唑胺具有交叉抗性。大多数耐ALS的植物在574位有一个点突变。一个杂种A.杂种具有Arpanthus属的新替代品Trp574 Met。所有抗ALS的材料均由草甘膦和Metribuzin控制。后屈曲霉的种质由苯达松控制，杂种曲霉和某些结核菌的种质不受控制。结论本文提出的简化植物钥匙可能是农民和杂草科学家可靠识别田间A菜物种的有用工具。三种A属植物的主要抗性机制是靶位点介导的。这是在其北美原产范围之外的耐ALS的结核杆菌的第一个证据。©2019化学工业协会。
更新日期：2019-11-28
中文翻译：
家族事务：意大利三种抗乙酰乳酸合酶抑制剂的A菜属的抗性机制和替代控制。
背景技术在意大利的几个大豆田中发现了多种multiple菜属物种。乙酰乳酸（ALS）抑制剂除草剂未充分控制。这项研究的目的是：（i）创建一个简化的植物钥匙以识别杂草mar菜；（ii）确定该种抗性的作用位点的数量和类型，即抗性模式；（iii）确定涉及的主要抗性机制d）评估具有不同作用部位的除草剂的功效。结果设计了一种易于使用的植物钥匙，并成功地将其用于受感染的地点，并通过一种物种特异性的分子标记物证实了其结果。在三个地点发现了mar菜。在ALS基因上具有Asp376 Glu取代的植物对噻吩磺隆甲基具有抗性。Amaranthus tuberculatus（Moq。）JDSauer（waterhemp）和Amaranthus hybridus L.（Smooth piedweed）品种对噻吩磺隆和咪唑胺具有交叉抗性。大多数耐ALS的植物在574位有一个点突变。一个杂种A.杂种具有Arpanthus属的新替代品Trp574 Met。所有抗ALS的材料均由草甘膦和Metribuzin控制。后屈曲霉的种质由苯达松控制，杂种曲霉和某些结核菌的种质不受控制。结论本文提出的简化植物钥匙可能是农民和杂草科学家可靠识别田间A菜物种的有用工具。三种A属植物的主要抗性机制是靶位点介导的。这是在其北美原产范围之外的耐ALS的结核杆菌的第一个证据。©2019化学工业协会。
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