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Carboxyl Esterase-Like Activity of DT-Diaphorase and Its Use for Signal Amplification
ACS Sensors ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-24 , DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01448
Ponnusamy Nandhakumar 1 , Andi Muhammad Ichzan 1 , Nam-Sihk Lee 2 , Young Ho Yoon 2 , Seohee Ma 1 , Suhkmann Kim 1 , Haesik Yang 1
Affiliation  

Carboxyl esterases show limited use as catalytic labels in bioassays because of slow enzymatic reaction. We report that DT-diaphorase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (DT-D, EC 1.6.99.-) shows high carboxyl esterase-like activity in the presence of reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and may be used as a better catalytic label than carboxyl esterases. DT-D is a redox enzyme and can participate in signal-amplifying redox cycling. Thus, an electrochemical immunosensor using a DT-D label allows for triple signal amplification based on (i) hydrolysis of a carboxyl ester, (ii) electrochemical–chemical (EC) redox cycling involving an electrode, a hydrolysis product, and NADH, and (iii) electrochemical–enzymatic (EN) redox cycling involving an electrode, a hydrolysis product, DT-D, and NADH. Ester hydrolysis by DT-D is confirmed via spectrophotometric measurement of a chromogenic substrate (4-nitrophenyl acetate) and 1H NMR spectra. Among two phenyl acetates and four naphthyl acetates considered, 4-aminonaphthalene-1-yl acetate (4-NH2-NAc) is chosen as the best acetyl ester substrate because 4-NH2-NAc is stable, its hydrolysis is slow in the absence of DT-D, its hydrolysis is very fast in the presence of DT-D, and EC and EN redox cycling involving the hydrolysis product (4-amino-1-naphthol) is rapid. However, hydrolysis of 4-NH2-NAc by esterase from porcine liver (EC 3.1.1.1.) is very slow. When DT-D is applied to sandwich-type detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone in artificial serum, the detection limit is ∼2 pg/mL, indicating that the developed immunosensor is highly sensitive because of triple signal amplification. DT-D may be used as a catalytic label in sensitive and stable bioassays instead of common alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase.

中文翻译:

DT-黄递酶的羧基酯酶样活性及其在信号放大中的应用

羧基酯酶由于缓慢的酶促反应而在生物测定中作为催化标记物显示出有限的用途。我们报道了来自嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的DT-黄递酶(DT-D,EC 1.6.99.-)在还原的β-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)存在下显示出高的羧基酯酶样活性,并且可以用作比羧基酯酶更好的催化标记。DT-D是一种氧化还原酶,可以参与信号放大的氧化还原循环。因此,使用DT-D标签的电化学免疫传感器可基于(i)羧基酯的水解,(ii)涉及电极,水解产物和NADH的电化学-化学(EC)氧化还原循环进行三重信号放大,并且(iii)涉及电极,水解产物,DT-D和NADH的电化学-酶(EN)氧化还原循环。通过分光光度法测定发色底物(4-硝基苯乙酸酯)和11 H NMR谱。在考虑的两种乙酸苯酯和四种乙酸萘酯中,由于4-NH 2 -NAc稳定,在4-羟基-2-萘乙酸中水解较慢,因此选择4-氨基萘-1-基乙酸酯(4-NH 2 -NAc)作为最佳的乙酰基酯底物。在没有DT-D的情况下,在DT-D的存在下其水解非常快,涉及水解产物(4-氨基-1-萘酚)的EC和EN氧化还原循环很快。然而,4-NH 2的水解来自猪肝的酯酶产生的-NAc(EC 3.1.1.1。)非常缓慢。当DT-D用于人工血清中甲状腺刺激激素的夹心型检测时,检测限为〜2 pg / mL,这表明由于三重信号放大,开发的免疫传感器具有很高的灵敏度。DT-D可以代替敏感的碱性磷酸酶和辣根过氧化物酶用作敏感且稳定的生物测定中的催化标记。
更新日期:2019-10-25
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