BACKGROUND In Yemen, the underlying causes of infectious vaginitis have been neglected. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and trichomonal vaginitis (TV) among non-pregnant reproductive-aged women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 non-pregnant reproductive-aged women seeking primary healthcare in Sana'a city, Yemen. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle-related behaviors, routine hygienic practices, menstrual care and history and type of contraceptive intake were collected using a structured questionnaire. Vaginal discharge samples were collected and examined for discharge characteristics and pH by a gynecologist. Then, samples were examined for BV, VVC and TV. Data were analyzed using suitable statistical tests. RESULTS Vaginal infections were prevalent among 37.6% of reproductive-aged women, where BV was the most prevalent (27.2%). VVC was significantly higher among symptomatic women and significantly associated with itching (P = 0.005). Using bivariate analysis, the age of < 25 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-3.10; P = 0.010) and using intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.09-2.89; P = 0.020) were significantly associated with BV, while history of miscarriage was significantly associated with a lower risk of BV (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85, P = 0.009). However, polygyny was significantly associated with VVC (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.33-8.66; P = 0.007). Multivariable analysis confirmed that age of < 25 years and using IUCD were the independent predictors of BV, while history of miscarriage was an independent protective factor against BV. On the other hand, marriage to a polygamous husband was the independent predictor of VVC. CONCLUSIONS More than a third of non-pregnant reproductive-aged women seeking PHC in Sana'a have single or mixed infections with BV, VVC or TV. BV is the most frequent cause of vaginitis and is significantly associated with the age of < 25 years and using IUCDs, while VVC is significantly higher among women with polygamous husbands. Health education of polygamous husbands and their wives, regular monitoring of BV among IUCD users and screening women for vaginitis before treatment are recommended.

中文翻译：

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在也门萨那市寻求基本医疗保健的育龄妇女中，细菌性阴道病，念珠菌性阴道炎和滴虫性阴道炎。

背景技术在也门，传染性阴道炎的根本原因已被忽略。因此，本研究旨在确定未怀孕育龄妇女中与细菌性阴道病（BV），外阴阴道念珠菌病（VVC）和滴虫性阴道炎（TV）相关的患病率和危险因素。方法对也门萨那市的347名未怀孕的育龄妇女进行初级保健进行了横断面研究。使用结构化问卷收集有关社会人口统计学特征，与生活方式有关的行为，常规卫生习惯，月经护理以及避孕药史和类型的数据。收集阴道分泌物样本，并由妇科医生检查其分泌物特征和pH。然后，检查样品的BV，VVC和TV。使用适当的统计检验分析数据。结果阴道感染在37.6％的育龄妇女中普遍存在，其中BV最为普遍（27.2％）。有症状女性中的VVC显着较高，并且与瘙痒显着相关（P = 0.005）。使用双变量分析，年龄<25岁（赔率[OR] = 1.9，95％置信区间[CI]：1.16-3.10； P = 0.010），并使用宫内节育器（IUCD）（OR = 1.8，95％ CI：1.09-2.89； P = 0.020）与BV显着相关，而流产史与BV的降低风险显着相关（OR = 0.5，95％CI：0.31-0.85，P = 0.009）。但是，一夫多妻制与VVC显着相关（OR = 3.4，95％CI：1.33-8.66； P = 0.007）。多变量分析证实年龄< 25岁和使用IUCD是BV的独立预测因素，而流产史则是BV的独立保护因素。另一方面，与一夫多妻制丈夫的婚姻是VVC的独立预测因素。结论在萨那市寻求PHC的未怀孕的育龄妇女中，超过三分之一的人患有BV，VVC或TV的单一或混合感染。BV是引起阴道炎的最常见原因，并且与<25岁的年龄和使用IUCD密切相关，而一夫多妻制妇女的VVC明显更高。建议对一夫多妻制的丈夫及其妻子进行健康教育，对IUCD使用者进行BV定期监测，并在治疗前筛查妇女是否患有阴道炎。嫁给一夫多妻的丈夫是VVC的独立预测因素。结论在萨那市寻求PHC的未怀孕的育龄妇女中，超过三分之一的人患有BV，VVC或TV的单一或混合感染。BV是引起阴道炎的最常见原因，并且与<25岁的年龄和使用IUCD密切相关，而一夫多妻制妇女的VVC明显更高。建议对一夫多妻制的丈夫及其妻子进行健康教育，对IUCD使用者进行BV定期监测，并在治疗前筛查妇女是否患有阴道炎。嫁给一夫多妻的丈夫是VVC的独立预测因素。结论在萨那市寻求PHC的未怀孕的育龄妇女中，超过三分之一的人患有BV，VVC或TV的单一或混合感染。BV是引起阴道炎的最常见原因，并且与<25岁的年龄和使用IUCD密切相关，而一夫多妻制妇女的VVC明显更高。建议对一夫多妻制的丈夫及其妻子进行健康教育，对IUCD使用者进行BV定期监测，并在治疗前筛查妇女是否患有阴道炎。BV是引起阴道炎的最常见原因，并且与<25岁的年龄和使用IUCD密切相关，而一夫多妻制妇女的VVC明显更高。建议对一夫多妻制的丈夫及其妻子进行健康教育，对IUCD使用者进行BV定期监测，并在治疗前筛查妇女是否患有阴道炎。BV是引起阴道炎的最常见原因，并且与<25岁的年龄和使用IUCD密切相关，而一夫多妻制妇女的VVC明显更高。建议对一夫多妻制的丈夫及其妻子进行健康教育，对IUCD使用者进行BV定期监测，并在治疗前对妇女进行阴道炎筛查。