Abstract Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been regarded as the most promising battery system for the next-generation high energy density batteries due to the extremely high specific capacity of the lithium (Li) metal anode. Unfortunately, the commercial application has been hindered by sharp dendrite Li growth and infinite relative volume change during the repeated charge/discharge process, which lead to severe safety issues and poor cyclability of the battery. Herein, a novel composite Lithium anode is fabricated via thermally infusion molten Li into three-dimensional (3D) nickel foam (NF) framework decorated by lithiophilic Co3O4 nanosheet arrays. The universalized growth of Co3O4 nanosheet on the Ni foam can provide superior wettability between the molten Li and Ni foam, and facilitate more convenient infusion process (5 s). Benefitting from uniform distribution of Li in the 3D host and homogeneous Li+ flux on the surface of the electrode, excellent Li stripping/plating performance (1000 h at 3 mA cm−2 and 275 h at 5 mA cm−2) and dendrite-suppressed morphology are achieved for the Li–Co3O4/NF composite anode. When utilized in full cells paired with a LiFePO4 cathode, the Li–Co3O4/NF composite anode demonstrates greater cyclability and rate performance than bare Li anode. As a result, the obtained Co3O4/NF demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance as a lithium host skeleton for advanced Li metal battery.

中文翻译：

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Co3O4 纳米片装饰泡沫镍作为无枝晶锂金属负极的先进锂主体骨架

摘要 锂金属电池（LMBs）由于锂（Li）金属负极具有极高的比容量，被认为是下一代高能量密度电池最有前途的电池系统。不幸的是，在重复充电/放电过程中，枝晶锂的急剧生长和无限的相对体积变化阻碍了商业应用，这导致了严重的安全问题和电池的循环性能差。在此，通过将熔融锂热灌注到由亲锂 Co3O4 纳米片阵列装饰的三维 (3D) 泡沫镍 (NF) 框架中，制造了一种新型复合锂负极。Co3O4 纳米片在泡沫镍上的普遍生长可以在熔融锂和泡沫镍之间提供优异的润湿性，并促进更方便的灌注过程（5s）。受益于锂在 3D 主体中的均匀分布和电极表面上均匀的 Li+ 通量，优异的锂剥离/电镀性能（3 mA cm-2 下 1000 小时和 5 mA cm-2 下 275 小时）和枝晶抑制Li-Co3O4/NF 复合负极的形貌。当在与 LiFePO4 正极配对的全电池中使用时，Li-Co3O4/NF 复合负极表现出比裸锂负极更高的循环性能和倍率性能。结果，获得的 Co3O4/NF 作为先进锂金属电池的锂主体骨架表现出优异的电化学性能。Li-Co3O4/NF 复合负极实现了优异的锂剥离/电镀性能（3 mA cm-2 下 1000 小时和 5 mA cm-2 下 275 小时）和枝晶抑制形态。当在与 LiFePO4 正极配对的全电池中使用时，Li-Co3O4/NF 复合负极表现出比裸锂负极更高的循环性能和倍率性能。结果，获得的 Co3O4/NF 作为先进锂金属电池的锂主体骨架表现出优异的电化学性能。Li-Co3O4/NF 复合负极实现了优异的锂剥离/电镀性能（3 mA cm-2 下 1000 小时和 5 mA cm-2 下 275 小时）和枝晶抑制形态。当在与 LiFePO4 正极配对的全电池中使用时，Li-Co3O4/NF 复合负极表现出比裸锂负极更高的循环性能和倍率性能。结果，获得的 Co3O4/NF 作为先进锂金属电池的锂主体骨架表现出优异的电化学性能。