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Mutations in Glucan, Water Dikinase Affect Starch Degradation and Gametophore Development in the Moss Physcomitrella patens.
Scientific Reports ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-22 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51632-9 Ntombizanele T Mdodana 1 , Jonathan F Jewell 1 , Ethel E Phiri 1 , Marthinus L Smith 1 , Kenneth Oberlander 2 , Saire Mahmoodi 1 , Jens Kossmann 1 , James R Lloyd 1
Scientific Reports ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-22 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51632-9 Ntombizanele T Mdodana 1 , Jonathan F Jewell 1 , Ethel E Phiri 1 , Marthinus L Smith 1 , Kenneth Oberlander 2 , Saire Mahmoodi 1 , Jens Kossmann 1 , James R Lloyd 1
Affiliation
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The role of starch degradation in non-vascular plants is poorly understood. To expand our knowledge of this area, we have studied this process in Physcomitrella patens. This has been achieved through examination of the step known to initiate starch degradation in angiosperms, glucan phosphorylation, catalysed by glucan, water dikinase (GWD) enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that GWD isoforms can be divided into two clades, one of which contains GWD1/GWD2 and the other GWD3 isoforms. These clades split at a very early stage within plant evolution, as distinct sequences that cluster within each were identified in all major plant lineages. Of the five genes we identified within the Physcomitrella genome that encode GWD-like enzymes, two group within the GWD1/GWD2 clade and the others within the GWD3 clade. Proteins encoded by both loci in the GWD1/GWD2 clade, named PpGWDa and PpGWDb, are localised in plastids. Mutations of either PpGWDa or PpGWDb reduce starch phosphate abundance, however, a mutation at the PpGWDa locus had a much greater influence than one at PpGWDb. Only mutations affecting PpGWDa inhibited starch degradation. Mutants lacking this enzyme also failed to develop gametophores, a phenotype that could be chemically complemented using glucose supplementation within the growth medium.
中文翻译：
苔藓假单胞菌中葡聚糖的突变，水二激酶对淀粉降解和配子体发育的影响。
淀粉降解在非维管植物中的作用知之甚少。为了扩展我们在这一领域的知识，我们在小立碗藓中研究了这一过程。这是通过检查已知的引发被子植物中淀粉降解，葡聚糖磷酸化（由葡聚糖，水二激酶（GWD）酶催化）的步骤实现的。系统发育分析表明，GWD亚型可分为两个进化枝，其中一个包含GWD1 / GWD2，另一个则包含GWD3。这些进化枝在植物进化的非常早期就分裂了，因为在所有主要植物谱系中都鉴定出了在每个进化枝中聚集的不同序列。我们在Physcomitrella基因组中鉴定出的五个编码GWD样酶的基因中，两个在GWD1 / GWD2进化枝中，另一个在GWD3进化枝中。由GWD1 / GWD2进化枝中的两个基因座编码的蛋白（称为PpGWDa和PpGWDb）位于质体中。PpGWDa或PpGWDb的突变都会降低淀粉磷酸酯的丰度，但是PpGWDa位点的突变比PpGWDb的突变具有更大的影响。仅影响PpGWDa的突变抑制淀粉降解。缺乏这种酶的突变体也无法形成配子体，这种表型可以通过在生长培养基中添加葡萄糖进行化学补充。
更新日期：2019-10-23
中文翻译：
苔藓假单胞菌中葡聚糖的突变，水二激酶对淀粉降解和配子体发育的影响。
淀粉降解在非维管植物中的作用知之甚少。为了扩展我们在这一领域的知识，我们在小立碗藓中研究了这一过程。这是通过检查已知的引发被子植物中淀粉降解，葡聚糖磷酸化（由葡聚糖，水二激酶（GWD）酶催化）的步骤实现的。系统发育分析表明，GWD亚型可分为两个进化枝，其中一个包含GWD1 / GWD2，另一个则包含GWD3。这些进化枝在植物进化的非常早期就分裂了，因为在所有主要植物谱系中都鉴定出了在每个进化枝中聚集的不同序列。我们在Physcomitrella基因组中鉴定出的五个编码GWD样酶的基因中，两个在GWD1 / GWD2进化枝中，另一个在GWD3进化枝中。由GWD1 / GWD2进化枝中的两个基因座编码的蛋白（称为PpGWDa和PpGWDb）位于质体中。PpGWDa或PpGWDb的突变都会降低淀粉磷酸酯的丰度，但是PpGWDa位点的突变比PpGWDb的突变具有更大的影响。仅影响PpGWDa的突变抑制淀粉降解。缺乏这种酶的突变体也无法形成配子体，这种表型可以通过在生长培养基中添加葡萄糖进行化学补充。
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